{"showPreview":false,"styles":{"global":{"backgroundColor":"#198763","color":"#198763","fontFamily":"Arial, sans-serif"},"header":{"backgroundColor":"#1e1e1e"},"headerTitle":{"color":"#fff","fontSize":"14px"},"headerLinks":{"color":"#ccc","fontSize":"12px"},"widgetTitle":{"fontSize":"25px"},"widgetLinks":{"fontSize":"12px"},"articleTitle":{"fontSize":"25px"},"excerptTitle":{"fontSize":"12px"},"footer":{"backgroundColor":"#eeeeee","color":"#696969","fontSize":"14px"},"footerLinks":{"color":"#198763","fontSize":"12px"}},"editedComponent":"","components":{"header-1d4bcf7b-39d1-4700-a34a-5eaf7edac8a6":{"droppableKey":"header","props":{"cernLink":"http://home.cern","issue":"Issue No. 01-02/2023","date":"2023-06-17T14:42:00+02:00","printableLink":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/cmda/form/archive?nid=264069","bannerImage":"https://newsletter-ui.web.cern.ch/assets/img/bulletin.jpg","links":[{"title":"link 1","href":""},{"title":"link 2","href":""},{"title":"link 3","href":""}]},"html":"<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:#1e1e1e;font-size:14px;line-height:1;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;overflow:hidden;height:40px\" cellSpacing=\"20\" width=\"100%\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" style=\"text-align:left;padding-left:15px\"><a href=\"http://home.cern\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#ccc;text-decoration:none;margin-top:6px;padding:6px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-size:12px\"><span style=\"font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:14px;color:#fff\">CERN</span> Accelerating science</a></td><td align=\"right\" valign=\"top\" style=\"padding-right:15px\"><a id=\"directory-link\" href=\"http://directory.web.cern.ch/directory/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" 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style=\"color:#ccc;text-decoration:none;margin-top:6px;padding:6px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-size:12px\">link 3</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=\"1%\"></td><td align=\"right\"><table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse\" id=\"printable-table\" width=\"100%\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;width:auto\"><span style=\"font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:14px;color:#fff;text-decoration:none\"><a href=\"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/cmda/form/archive?nid=264069\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#ccc;text-decoration:none;font-size:12px\">Issue No. 01-02/2023<br/>17 June 2023<br/></a></span></td><td id=\"printable\" style=\"display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap\"><table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse\" align=\"right\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"right\" style=\"width:auto;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;text-align:right\"><a href=\"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/cmda/form/archive?nid=264069\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#fff;text-decoration:none;font-size:14px\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://newsletter-ui.web.cern.ch/assets/img/print.png\" style=\"display:block;outline:none;border:none;text-decoration:none;width:32px;height:32px;max-width:32px;max-height:32px;margin:8px 4px 8px 10px\"/></a></td><td align=\"right\" style=\"display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap\"><a href=\"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/cmda/form/archive?nid=264069\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#ccc;text-decoration:none;font-size:12px\">Printable<br/> version</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>","id":"header-1d4bcf7b-39d1-4700-a34a-5eaf7edac8a6","type":"header"},"articlesLinksWidget-ceafb4ce-8e7e-467e-ba83-ae630f669c24":{"droppableKey":"sidebar","props":{"title":"Articles Widget With Links","articles":["b5ab86e7-34ba-4b9e-9a4f-f75f94921b3c","c8c36b74-5b1f-4e69-840b-981cd5698287","2c1588b4-e53c-4f72-b953-ead9eb3fab80"],"articlesList":[{"type":"node--article","id":"b5ab86e7-34ba-4b9e-9a4f-f75f94921b3c","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b5ab86e7-34ba-4b9e-9a4f-f75f94921b3c?resourceVersion=id%3A265497"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264059,"drupal_internal__vid":265497,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-14T07:25:49+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Preparing for the next era of neutrino research","created":"2023-06-12T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-14T15:31:05+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p class=\"Body\">At CERN’s <a href=\"/science/experiments/cern-neutrino-platform\">Neutrino Platform</a> on the Laboratory’s Prévessin site in France sit two large boxes encased in a red grating. Inside these boxes are vast chambers surrounded by shiny stainless steel. The boxes are the cryostat modules of the ProtoDUNE experiment. Despite their large size, they are tiny in comparison to the future size of their successors for the <a href=\"https://www.dunescience.org/\">Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE)</a>, a vast neutrino experiment currently being built in the USA. The Neutrino Platform also houses an assembly station for the <a href=\"https://t2k-experiment.org/\">Tokai to Kamioka (T2K)</a> experiment, another vast neutrino facility in Japan.</p>\n\n<p>Neutrinos are one of the least well-known types of particles in the <a href=\"/science/physics/standard-model\">Standard Model</a>. Although they are the most abundant massive particles in the Universe, neutrinos have very small mass and only interact through gravity and the weak nuclear force, making them difficult to study. However, neutrinos may hold the key to fundamental questions such as why the Universe is filled with matter and not antimatter. So-called long-baseline neutrino-oscillation experiments could help to answer these questions by studying how neutrinos change their “flavour”, or oscillate, as they travel over a long distance, or baseline.</p>\n\n<p>Once built in the USA, DUNE will send a beam of neutrinos from <a href=\"https://fnal.gov/\">Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory</a> (Fermilab) near Chicago, Illinois, over a distance of more than 1300 kilometres through the Earth to neutrino detectors located 1.5 km underground at the <a href=\"https://sanfordlab.org/\">Sanford Underground Research Facility</a> (SURF) in Sanford, South Dakota. The detectors themselves are vast cryostats filled with liquid argon. When neutrinos interact with the argon, which happens only occasionally, this ionises the argon atoms. The loose electrons and argon atoms are then separated by an electric field that runs through the detector. The shape of the electron cloud created by the ionisation is conserved and detected by the electrode sensors located on the walls of the cryostat. This produces images of the trajectories of particles created by the neutrino interactions, allowing physicists to determine the neutrinos’ properties such as their flavour and mass. These detectors, which use a combination of electric fields passing through a volume of fluid, are called time projection chambers.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image\" id=\"CERN-PHOTO-201703-077-32\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-201703-077-32\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"DUNE,neutrino platform,neutrinos,neutrino,Fermilab\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-201703-077-32/file?size=large\" /></a>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">Aerial view of the ProtoDUNE cryostats <span> (Image: CERN)</span></p></figure><p class=\"Body\">Back to Prévessin. In 2018, ProtoDUNE began its first run. Both cryostats were tested until 2021, the first in <a href=\"/news/press-release/experiments/first-particle-tracks-seen-prototype-international-neutrino\">a single-phase configuration</a> of the experiment (ProtoDUNE-SP) and the second in a <a href=\"/news/news/experiments/tests-start-cern-large-scale-prototype-new-technology-detect-neutrinos\">dual-phase configuration</a> (ProtoDUNE-DP). The first run recorded over four million particle interactions, providing important information about the technology challenges associated with DUNE, and demonstrated that the full experiment was ready for construction. Since January 2023, the Neutrino Platform has been preparing for ProtoDUNE’s second run. The two cryostats are both now single-phase, one measuring the drift of electrons across a horizontal electric field (ProtoDUNE-HD) and the other across a vertical field (ProtoDUNE-VD). Scientists will use this second run to determine how these technologies should be implemented in DUNE. The two cryostats will be filled with liquid argon soon and will begin taking data at the beginning of next year.</p>\n\n<p>The Neutrino Platform also hosts the assembly platform for the T2K experiment. T2K has already been operating for over a decade in Japan, sending beams of neutrinos from Tokai on the East coast over a distance of 295 km to the Super-Kamiokande detector in Kamioka, close to the West coast. In 2011, T2K provided the first evidence of muon neutrino-to-electron-neutrino oscillations and has since <a href=\"https://cerncourier.com/a/the-search-for-leptonic-cp-violation/\">hinted at neutrino matter–antimatter asymmetry</a>. One of its detectors, ND280, is currently undergoing an upgrade, which the T2K collaboration hopes will allow it to increase the efficiency of the experiment and more accurately reconstruct the neutrino oscillations.</p>\n\n<p>The ND280 upgrade consists of multiple subdetectors, many of which were assembled and tested at the Neutrino Platform. These include new time projection chambers, one of which is now currently taking cosmic data at CERN. Other types of subdetectors are either already installed or ready to be shipped to Japan after assembly at the Neutrino Platform. As well as individual subdetectors, the new gas system for the whole ND280 detector was completely developed and tested at CERN. Still to be completed is the assembly of another time projection chamber, and its shipment to and installation at T2K. The ND280 upgrade is projected to be finalised in 2023. It is planned that the upgraded ND280 will also serve in the next generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment known as Hyper-Kamiokande (HyperK).</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image\" id=\"CERN-PHOTO-202305-116-75\"><figure class=\"cds-image\" id=\"CERN-PHOTO-202305-116-1\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-202305-116-1\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"T2K\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-202305-116-1/file?size=large\" /></a>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">A time projection chamber for the ND280 detector, built at CERN for the T2K experiment <span> (Image: CERN)</span></p></figure></figure><p><em>Want to find out more about neutrinos and the DUNE experiment? Join CERN for a <a href=\"/news/news/experiments/live-particle-pursuit-journey-deep-underground-neutrino-experiment\">livestream</a> in collaboration with Fermilab and the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) at 6 p.m. CEST on 15 June.</em></p>"},"field_byline":"Naomi Dinmore","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"Inside one of the ProtoDUNE cryostats at CERN’s Neutrino Platform (Image: CERN)","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-06/image2_0.jpeg?itok=BIzJQG8n","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-06/image2_0.jpeg?itok=BIzJQG8n","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"The teams at CERN’s Neutrino Platform are currently upgrading and assembling multiple detectors to help large experiments in the USA and Japan to uncover these mysterious particles"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/preparing-next-era-neutrino-research"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b5ab86e7-34ba-4b9e-9a4f-f75f94921b3c/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265497"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b5ab86e7-34ba-4b9e-9a4f-f75f94921b3c/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265497"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b5ab86e7-34ba-4b9e-9a4f-f75f94921b3c/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265497"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b5ab86e7-34ba-4b9e-9a4f-f75f94921b3c/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265497"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b5ab86e7-34ba-4b9e-9a4f-f75f94921b3c/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265497"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b5ab86e7-34ba-4b9e-9a4f-f75f94921b3c/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265497"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b5ab86e7-34ba-4b9e-9a4f-f75f94921b3c/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265497"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b5ab86e7-34ba-4b9e-9a4f-f75f94921b3c/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265497"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"8518e2a3-d144-412e-82ac-19d75dcc39be","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/8518e2a3-d144-412e-82ac-19d75dcc39be?resourceVersion=id%3A265496"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264058,"drupal_internal__vid":265496,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-13T11:04:46+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"LHCb tightens precision on key measurements of matter–antimatter asymmetry ","created":"2023-06-12T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-13T11:04:46+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>The Big Bang is thought to have created equal amounts of matter and <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/physics/antimatter\">antimatter</a>, yet the Universe today is made almost entirely of matter, so something must have happened to create this imbalance.</p>\n\n<p>The weak force of the <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/physics/standard-model\">Standard Model</a> of particle physics is known to induce a behavioural difference between matter and antimatter – known as CP symmetry violation – in decays of particles containing quarks, one of the building blocks of matter. But these differences, or asymmetries, are hard to measure and insufficient to explain the matter–antimatter imbalance in the present-day Universe, prompting physicists to both measure precisely the known differences and to look for new ones.</p>\n\n<p>At a <a href=\"https://indico.cern.ch/event/1281612/\">seminar</a> held at CERN today, the <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/experiments/lhcb\">LHCb</a> collaboration reported how it has measured, more precisely than ever before, two key parameters that determine such matter–antimatter asymmetries.</p>\n\n<p>In 1964, James Cronin and Val Fitch discovered CP symmetry violation through their pioneering experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the US, using decays of particles containing strange quarks. This finding challenged the long-held belief in this symmetry of nature and earned Cronin and Fitch the <a href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1980/summary/\">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1980.</p>\n\n<p>In 2001, the BaBar experiment in the US and the Belle experiment in Japan confirmed the existence of CP violation in decays of beauty mesons, particles with a beauty quark, solidifying our understanding of the nature of this phenomenon. This achievement ignited intense research efforts to further understand the mechanisms behind CP violation. In 2008, Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa received the <a href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/summary/\">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> for their theoretical framework that elegantly explained the observed CP violation phenomena.</p>\n\n<p>It its latest studies, using the full dataset recorded by the LHCb detector during the second run of the <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider\">Large Hadron Collider</a> (LHC), the LHCb collaboration set out to measure with high precision two parameters that determine the amount of CP violation in decays of beauty mesons.</p>\n\n<p>One parameter determines the amount of CP violation in decays of neutral beauty mesons, which are made up of a bottom antiquark and a down quark. This is the same parameter as that measured by the BaBar and Belle experiments in 2001. The other parameter determines the amount of CP violation in decays of strange beauty mesons, which consist of a bottom antiquark and a strange quark.</p>\n\n<p>Specifically, these parameters determine the extent of time-dependent CP violation. This type of CP violation stems from the intriguing quantum interference that occurs when a particle and its antiparticle undergo decay. The particle has the ability to spontaneously transform into its antiparticle and vice versa. As this oscillation takes place, the decays of the particle and antiparticle interfere with each other, leading to a distinctive pattern of CP violation that changes over time. In other words, the amount of CP violation observed depends on the time the particle lives before decaying. This fascinating phenomenon provides physicists with key insights into the fundamental nature of particles and their symmetries.</p>\n\n<p>For both parameters, the new LHCb results, which are more precise than any equivalent result from a single experiment, are in line with the values predicted by the Standard Model.</p>\n\n<p>“These measurements are interpreted within our fundamental theory of particle physics, the Standard Model, improving the precision with which we can determine the difference between the behaviour of matter and antimatter,” explains LHCb spokesperson Chris Parkes. “Through more precise measurements, large improvements have been made in our knowledge. These are key parameters that aid our search for unknown effects from beyond our current theory.”</p>\n\n<p>Future data, from the third run of the LHC and the collider’s planned upgrade, the <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc\">High-Luminosity LHC</a>, will further tighten the precision on these matter–antimatter asymmetry parameters and perhaps point to new physics phenomena that could help shed light on what is one of the Universe’s best-kept secrets. </p>\n\n<p>Find out more on LHCb's website: <a href=\"https://lhcb-outreach.web.cern.ch/2023/06/13/precise-measurement-of-the-cp-violating-phase-%cf%86s/\">precise measurement of the CP-violating phase φs</a> and <a href=\"https://lhcb-outreach.web.cern.ch/2023/06/13/precise-measurement-of-the-unitarity-triangle-angle-%ce%b2/\">precise measurement of the unitarity triangle angle β</a></p>\n\n<p> </p>"},"field_byline":null,"field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"The LHCb experiment (Image: CERN)","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-06/LHCbMediaUpdate_0.jpeg?itok=cyJFaiau","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-06/LHCbMediaUpdate_0.jpeg?itok=cyJFaiau","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"The LHCb collaboration’s new measurements of matter–antimatter asymmetry in decays of beauty particles are the most precise yet of their kind"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/physics/lhcb-tightens-precision-key-measurements-matter-antimatter-asymmetry"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/8518e2a3-d144-412e-82ac-19d75dcc39be/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265496"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/8518e2a3-d144-412e-82ac-19d75dcc39be/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265496"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/8518e2a3-d144-412e-82ac-19d75dcc39be/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265496"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/8518e2a3-d144-412e-82ac-19d75dcc39be/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265496"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/8518e2a3-d144-412e-82ac-19d75dcc39be/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265496"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/8518e2a3-d144-412e-82ac-19d75dcc39be/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265496"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/8518e2a3-d144-412e-82ac-19d75dcc39be/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265496"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/8518e2a3-d144-412e-82ac-19d75dcc39be/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265496"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"c8c36b74-5b1f-4e69-840b-981cd5698287","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/c8c36b74-5b1f-4e69-840b-981cd5698287?resourceVersion=id%3A265476"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264038,"drupal_internal__vid":265476,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"CERN marks World Environment Day with a new video","created":"2023-06-06T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>Monday 5 June marked the 50th anniversary of <a href=\"https://www.un.org/en/observances/environment-day\">World Environment Day</a>, one of the United Nations' vehicles for encouraging worldwide awareness and action for the environment. As a leading scientific organisation, CERN is committed to environmentally responsible research, with the support of its Member and Associate Member States and collaborating institutes, notably through the European Particle Physics Communications (EPPCN network). On this special day, CERN published a new <a href=\"https://videos.cern.ch/record/2297993\">video</a> showcasing the diverse ways in which it acts to minimise its impact on the environment.</p>\n\n<p></p>\n\n<p>CERN will publish its third environment report later this year. In the meantime, you can find out more in its first and second reports on: <a href=\"https://hse.cern/environment-report\">https://hse.cern/environment-report</a>.</p>"},"field_byline":null,"field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":null,"field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":null,"field_img_thumb":null,"field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"Monday 5 June marked the 50th anniversary of World Environment Day, one of the United Nations' vehicles for encouraging worldwide awareness and action for the environment"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/cern/cern-marks-world-environment-day-new-video"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/c8c36b74-5b1f-4e69-840b-981cd5698287/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265476"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/c8c36b74-5b1f-4e69-840b-981cd5698287/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265476"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/c8c36b74-5b1f-4e69-840b-981cd5698287/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265476"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/c8c36b74-5b1f-4e69-840b-981cd5698287/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265476"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/c8c36b74-5b1f-4e69-840b-981cd5698287/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265476"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/c8c36b74-5b1f-4e69-840b-981cd5698287/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265476"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/c8c36b74-5b1f-4e69-840b-981cd5698287/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265476"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/c8c36b74-5b1f-4e69-840b-981cd5698287/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265476"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"2c1588b4-e53c-4f72-b953-ead9eb3fab80","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2c1588b4-e53c-4f72-b953-ead9eb3fab80?resourceVersion=id%3A265477"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264039,"drupal_internal__vid":265477,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Accelerator Report: Overcoming setbacks, antiprotons return as LHC recovers luminescent brilliance","created":"2023-06-05T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>The <em>Accelerator Report</em> <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/accelerator-report-mostly-schedule-sometimes-not\">published on 10 May</a> highlighted that the 2023 antiproton physics run was delayed by 50 days (reducing the run to 122 days instead of the 172 initially scheduled) due to a broken magnet in the injection region of the Antiproton Decelerator (AD). Consequently, the beam commissioning of the AD was due to start on 12 June and the delivery of antiprotons to the AD-ELENA experiments on 30 June.</p>\n\n<p>Following the hard work of many experts, the AD operations team received on Friday, 1 June at 11:58 – 12 days earlier than rescheduled – the green light from the AD injection kicker expert: beam could be injected again in the AD ring, signalling the start of the beam commissioning. The AD operations team and the equipment experts rescheduled their activities to focus on the AD beam commissioning in order to bring forward the rescheduled start of physics, reducing the number of lost physics days from 50 to about 40. This is, of course, much welcomed by the AD-ELENA experimental users, who are eagerly awaiting low-energy antiprotons to perform their experiments.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image align-right\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-078-1\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-078-1\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Accelerators\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-078-1/file?size=large\" /></a>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">The RF finger module (right-hand side) ensures a low-impedance (low-resistivity) electrical connectivity between the LHC vacuum chambers. When this electrical connection is not good enough, it affects the circulating beam by making it unstable, deteriorating its quality or creating losses that can lead to a beam dump. (Image: CERN)</p></figure><p>The rest of the LHC injector chain is running well for the LHC and the fixed-target experiments. However, the LHC suffered a temporary dip in luminosity production due to the replacement last week of a radiofrequency (RF) finger module in the machine section located near the ATLAS experiment (Point 1).</p>\n\n<p>In the early evening of Thursday, 25 May, the LHC beam was dumped during acceleration on two consecutive fills. Both beam dumps were triggered by slow local losses* left of Point 1. X-ray imaging investigations and beam-loss studies led to the conclusion that one of the RF finger modules in a warm section was heating up or arcing, degrading the vacuum in that area and causing the slow local beam losses. The luminosity production was interrupted and, during the long Whitsun weekend, various teams intervened in the LHC tunnel to replace the RF finger module (with subsequent vacuum pumping). Already in the morning of Tuesday, 30 May, beams were injected and circulated to check the vacuum conditions. In the evening, a first fill with only 700 bunches per beam, followed by a second fill with 1200 bunches, were used for physics while also conditioning the area of the newly installed RF finger module. In the following days, the intensity ramped up to 2400 bunches and, in a second stage, the intensity per bunch was increased from 1.3x10¹¹ to 1.6x10¹¹ protons per bunch.</p>\n\n<p>Until further notice and pending greater understanding of the cause of the RF finger module fault, the bunch intensity will be limited to 1.6x10¹¹ protons per bunch. By now, the LHC is again filled with the default 2400 bunch filling scheme with 1.55x10¹¹ protons per bunch, producing close to 1 fb^-1 per day. As I write, the integrated luminosities for ATLAS and CMS are each 16 fb^-1, which is about 5 fb^-1 below the target value, but we’re catching up.</p>\n\n<p><em>____</em></p>\n\n<p><em>* “Slow local losses” happen when some beam particles get lost in specific parts of the ring when interacting with the gas molecules in the degraded vacuum. This process takes some time before the threshold to dump the beam is reached.</em></p>"},"field_byline":"Rende Steerenberg","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":null,"field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":null,"field_img_thumb":null,"field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"The AD operations team received on Friday, 1 June – 12 days earlier than rescheduled – the green light from the AD injection kicker expert: beam could be injected again in the AD ring"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/accelerator-report-overcoming-setbacks-antiprotons-return-lhc-recovers"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2c1588b4-e53c-4f72-b953-ead9eb3fab80/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265477"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2c1588b4-e53c-4f72-b953-ead9eb3fab80/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265477"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2c1588b4-e53c-4f72-b953-ead9eb3fab80/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265477"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2c1588b4-e53c-4f72-b953-ead9eb3fab80/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265477"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2c1588b4-e53c-4f72-b953-ead9eb3fab80/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265477"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2c1588b4-e53c-4f72-b953-ead9eb3fab80/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265477"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2c1588b4-e53c-4f72-b953-ead9eb3fab80/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265477"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2c1588b4-e53c-4f72-b953-ead9eb3fab80/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265477"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"02b85a83-ac40-4d57-8095-694bdcb84415","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/02b85a83-ac40-4d57-8095-694bdcb84415?resourceVersion=id%3A265478"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264040,"drupal_internal__vid":265478,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Computer Security: Zebra has been hacked. Again.","created":"2023-06-05T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<figure class=\"cds-image align-right\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-076-1\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-076-1\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Computers and Control Rooms\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-076-1/file?size=large\" /></a></figure><p>After the serious <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-catch-me-if-you-can\">compromise of 2022</a>, the Zebra Scientific Alliance has been compromised again – hit hard by an attacker. Zebra’s IT experts and computer emergency response teams are on the prowl, trying to get to the bottom of the malicious deeds. The scenario is opaque. Details are unclear. Log files are missing. Time is running out. Pressure rises. The police are pushing. Journalists are inquiring. And nothing is as it seems.</p>\n\n<p>Fortunately, Zebra is not real. Fortunately, nobody has been attacked here. Fortunately, this is just a table-top exercise for system administrators, computing personnel and security experts to better understand the complexity of today’s IT sphere, the interconnectivity of data centres and the problems that can arise when resolving large-scale cyber-security incidents. A mysterious, but serious, crime, for which teams have to join forces. In order to save the Zebra Scientific Alliance from disaster. To protect its reputation. To enable research to resume quickly. And to find the culprit who has put Zebra’s mission at risk.</p>\n\n<p>The exercise has been designed to depict the complexity of real computer security incidents as handled in the past by the CERN, EGI and WLCG computer incident response teams (CSIRTs). Usually, such incidents are vast, involving lots of different partners, several physically distant sites and administrators responsible for different layers of the local software stack, like the operating system, web applications and databases. Some administrators might not understand or know what is running within their data centre, others are busy with daily operations and reluctant to help, and others might not even speak or understand your language. Local computer emergency response teams might lack the necessary skills or tools or simply do not exist. Access and system logs are usually incomplete and almost certainly distributed such that they would need to be gathered together to have a more holistic picture of what goes on. Attackers are using their skills to further obfuscate this picture, trying to hide their traces, manipulate or purge logs and sabotage any incident investigation in order to avoid getting caught. And Management is pressing to get that incident resolved so that personnel resources can get back to focusing on their core work and computing services can resume operations.</p>\n\n<p>In summary, large-scale computer security incident response is stressfully fun. This exercise will bring that fun to you. Teaching you the inherent problems of incident response. Making you aware of the struggles involved. And pointing you towards ways that we all can do better.</p>\n\n<p>So, stay tuned. A Zebra scenario played out just last month at CERN, and another edition will be organised soon, looking to recruit people with a bit of an IT or security background to participate in this table-top exercise designed to promote better understanding of large-scale incident response. Sign up to get the call at <a href=\"mailto:cert-info@cern.ch\">cert-info@cern.ch</a> (<a href=\"https://e-groups.cern.ch/e-groups/EgroupsSubscription.do?egroupName=cert-security-info\">https://e-groups.cern.ch/e-groups/EgroupsSubscription.do?egroupName=cert-security-info</a>).</p>\n\n<p>____</p>\n\n<p><em>Do you want to learn more about computer security incidents and issues at CERN? Follow our <a href=\"https://cern.ch/security/reports/en/monthly_reports.shtml\">Monthly Report</a>. For further information, questions or help, check <a href=\"https://cern.ch/Computer.Security\">our website</a> or contact us at <a href=\"mailto:Computer.Security@cern.ch\">Computer.Security@cern.ch</a>.</em></p>"},"field_byline":"Computer Security team","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":null,"field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":null,"field_img_thumb":null,"field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"After the serious compromise of 2022, the Zebra Scientific Alliance has been compromised again – hit hard by an attacker"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-zebra-has-been-hacked-again"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/02b85a83-ac40-4d57-8095-694bdcb84415/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265478"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/02b85a83-ac40-4d57-8095-694bdcb84415/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265478"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/02b85a83-ac40-4d57-8095-694bdcb84415/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265478"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/02b85a83-ac40-4d57-8095-694bdcb84415/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265478"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/02b85a83-ac40-4d57-8095-694bdcb84415/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265478"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/02b85a83-ac40-4d57-8095-694bdcb84415/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265478"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/02b85a83-ac40-4d57-8095-694bdcb84415/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265478"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/02b85a83-ac40-4d57-8095-694bdcb84415/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265478"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"2612f944-ff87-468d-8bb9-cdf1e22ec59c","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2612f944-ff87-468d-8bb9-cdf1e22ec59c?resourceVersion=id%3A265479"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264041,"drupal_internal__vid":265479,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Live: Particle pursuit, a journey of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment","created":"2023-06-05T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>On 15 June, join CERN, Fermilab and Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) for an interactive livestream that will take you on a journey of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). The <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/experiments/cern-neutrino-platform\">CERN Neutrino Platform</a> has provided a large-scale demonstration of the future DUNE detectors with the construction and operation of two prototypes known as ProtoDUNE.</p>\n\n<p>The<a href=\"https://lbnf-dune.fnal.gov/about/overview/\"> DUNE</a> experiment is hosted by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and more than 1000 scientists and engineers from 35 countries spanning five continents – Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America – are working on the development, design and construction of the DUNE detectors. The experiment seeks to understand the nature of neutrinos – almost massless particles that could help answer fundamental questions such as why the Universe has much more matter than antimatter.</p>\n\n<p>DUNE will be built at two locations: Fermilab, near Chicago, and SURF, in South Dakota. The Fermilab particle accelerator complex will provide the world’s most intense beam of high-energy neutrinos and send it 1300 kilometres through Earth to huge neutrino detectors 1.5 kilometres underground at SURF. ProtoDUNE, the largest liquid-argon neutrino detector in the world, recorded its first particle tracks from both cosmic rays and a beam created at CERN’s accelerator complex in 2018. ProtoDUNE is all set to begin its <a href=\"https://news.fnal.gov/2023/03/dune-collaboration-ready-to-ramp-up-mass-production-for-first-detector-module/\">second run this year</a>.</p>\n\n<p>To mark the occasion, CERN will go live from the Neutrino Platform with the two other international laboratories ­– Fermilab will broadcast from the control room for its neutrino experiments and SURF from its Ross Hoistroom.</p>\n\n<p>Follow the live from CERN on Facebook, LinkedIn and YouTube on 15 June at 6 p.m. CEST (GMT +2). The live will also be broadcasted simultaneously on Fermilab (11 a.m. CDT) and SURF (10 a.m. MDT) social media channels. </p>\n\n<p>What makes studying neutrinos unique? Why do we need a giant liquid-argon detector to study neutrinos? You can submit your questions as a short video clip to <a href=\"https://www.instagram.com/cern/\">CERN</a>, <a href=\"https://www.instagram.com/fermilab/\">Fermilab</a> and <a href=\"https://www.instagram.com/sanfordlab/\">SURF</a> directly via Instagram by 10 June at the latest. If selected, your questions will be answered directly by the experts from the three laboratories working on the DUNE experiment.</p>\n\n<p>The livestream will be in quiz-show style, so be ready to test your knowledge of all things neutrinos while going on this journey of DUNE with CERN, Fermilab and SURF.</p>\n\n<p></p>\n\n<p>--</p>\n\n<p>Join us on:</p>\n\n<p>CERN: <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/cern\">Facebook</a>, <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@CERN/featured\">YouTube</a>, <a href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/cern\">LinkedIn</a> </p>\n\n<p>Fermilab: <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Fermilab\">Facebook</a>, <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@fermilab\">YouTube</a> </p>\n\n<p>SURF: <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/SanfordUndergroundResearchFacility\">Facebook</a>, <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@SanfordlabOrg\">YouTube</a></p>"},"field_byline":"Chetna Krishna","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"A view of the ProtoDUNE cryostat at CERN (Image: CERN)","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-06/Oct%2008%202017_0_73%20%281%29.jpg?itok=hGHUu-Ss","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-06/Oct%2008%202017_0_73%20%281%29.jpg?itok=hGHUu-Ss","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"Join CERN, Fermilab and SURF on 15 June at 6 p.m. CEST for its first gameshow-style livestream to learn about all things neutrinos"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/live-particle-pursuit-journey-deep-underground-neutrino-experiment"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2612f944-ff87-468d-8bb9-cdf1e22ec59c/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265479"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2612f944-ff87-468d-8bb9-cdf1e22ec59c/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265479"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2612f944-ff87-468d-8bb9-cdf1e22ec59c/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265479"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2612f944-ff87-468d-8bb9-cdf1e22ec59c/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265479"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2612f944-ff87-468d-8bb9-cdf1e22ec59c/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265479"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2612f944-ff87-468d-8bb9-cdf1e22ec59c/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265479"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2612f944-ff87-468d-8bb9-cdf1e22ec59c/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265479"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/2612f944-ff87-468d-8bb9-cdf1e22ec59c/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265479"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"6d482abc-fd7f-4e6b-b5a7-258fd59cde04","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/6d482abc-fd7f-4e6b-b5a7-258fd59cde04?resourceVersion=id%3A265480"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264042,"drupal_internal__vid":265480,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Discover how IdeaSquare will form part of the upcoming CERN Science Gateway offerings","created":"2023-06-04T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>In March 2023, five student teams stepped onto the stage at the Globe of Science and Innovation to showcase their technological solutions to global problems: from tackling waste disposal in Italy, to hand pump borehole monitoring in Sub Saharan Africa, to mapping flood levels in real time in San José in California, USA.</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https://ideasquare.cern/\">IdeaSquare</a> has helped these young innovators through organising online challenge-based innovation (CBI) workshops, allowing teams to build prototypes and develop their projects into a reality. These students were the finalists of<a href=\"https://crowd4sdg.eu/crowd4sdg-final-conference-demonstrating-the-potential-of-citizen-science-for-monitoring-the-sdgs/\"> </a><a href=\"https://crowd4sdg.eu/crowd4sdg-final-conference-demonstrating-the-potential-of-citizen-science-for-monitoring-the-sdgs/\">Crowd4SDG</a>, an EU-funded project in which CERN has been a key partner, with a focus on how citizen science and crowdsourcing tools can be used to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). </p>\n\n<p>This is just one example of the CBI workshops offered by IdeaSquare, which currently co-designs and runs over 22 project-based student courses with international universities. IdeaSquare, in collaboration with Crowd4SDG, developed a <a href=\"https://cernbox.cern.ch/pdf-viewer/public/CAoqBtzqxXggajr/CS_workshop_guide_for_organisers_condensed_public.pdf?contextRouteName=files-public-link&amp;contextRouteParams.driveAliasAndItem=public%2FCAoqBtzqxXggajr&amp;items-per-page=100\">handbook</a> as a guide to CBI workshops for citizen science, designed to help others’ organise such events.</p>\n\n<p>IdeaSquare will form part of the upcoming CERN Science Gateway offerings, scheduled to open its doors in October 2023. The space will now adapt the lessons learned through Crowd4SDG and other experiences and apply them to future workshops for the public. As part of CERN Science Gateway, IdeaSquare will hold monthly workshops and masterclasses to visiting students, centred around topics such as science, sustainability and future thinking. In addition to workshops, IdeaSquare will also offer monthly visits to the space, showcasing the experiments and prototyping taking place. The student programme final gala will also be held at the Science Gateway later this year.</p>\n\n<p>Find out more information about  the current activities of IdeaSquare <a href=\"https://ideasquare.cern/\">here</a> and more about CERN Science Gateway <a href=\"https://sciencegateway.cern/\">here</a>.</p>"},"field_byline":"Alexia Yiannouli","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"Finalists of the Crowd4SDG conference. (Image: Crowd4SDG)","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-06/Crowd4SDG%20article%20image%20of%20participants.png?itok=k-859TnF","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-06/Crowd4SDG%20article%20image%20of%20participants.png?itok=k-859TnF","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"The resources developed by IdeaSquare for the Crowd4SDG project will continue to drive innovation through future Science Gateway workshops and masterclasses"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/knowledge-sharing/discover-how-ideasquare-will-form-part-upcoming-cern-science-gateway"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/6d482abc-fd7f-4e6b-b5a7-258fd59cde04/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265480"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/6d482abc-fd7f-4e6b-b5a7-258fd59cde04/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265480"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/6d482abc-fd7f-4e6b-b5a7-258fd59cde04/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265480"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/6d482abc-fd7f-4e6b-b5a7-258fd59cde04/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265480"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/6d482abc-fd7f-4e6b-b5a7-258fd59cde04/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265480"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/6d482abc-fd7f-4e6b-b5a7-258fd59cde04/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265480"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/6d482abc-fd7f-4e6b-b5a7-258fd59cde04/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265480"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/6d482abc-fd7f-4e6b-b5a7-258fd59cde04/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265480"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"0a1a176e-b692-40af-842f-76d33374ed80","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0a1a176e-b692-40af-842f-76d33374ed80?resourceVersion=id%3A265481"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264043,"drupal_internal__vid":265481,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"LHC experiments see first evidence of a rare Higgs boson decay","created":"2023-05-25T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>The discovery of the <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/physics/higgs-boson\">Higgs boson</a> at CERN’s <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider\">Large Hadron Collider</a> (LHC) in 2012 marked a significant milestone in particle physics. Since then, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations have been diligently investigating the properties of this unique particle and searching to establish the different ways in which it is produced and decays into other particles.</p>\n\n<p>At the <a href=\"https://lhcp2023.ac.rs/\">Large Hadron Collider Physics (LHCP) conference</a> this week, ATLAS and CMS report how they teamed up to find the first evidence of the rare process in which the Higgs boson decays into a <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/physics/z-boson\">Z boson</a>, the electrically neutral carrier of the weak force, and a photon, the carrier of the electromagnetic force. This Higgs boson decay could provide indirect evidence of the existence of particles beyond those predicted by the <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/physics/standard-model\">Standard Model</a> of particle physics.</p>\n\n<p>The decay of the Higgs boson into a Z boson and a photon is similar to that of a decay into two photons. In these processes, the Higgs boson does not decay directly into these pairs of particles. Instead, the decays proceed via an intermediate \"loop\" of “virtual” particles that pop in and out of existence and cannot be directly detected. These virtual particles could include new, as yet undiscovered particles that interact with the Higgs boson.</p>\n\n<p>The Standard Model predicts that, if the Higgs boson has a mass of around 125 billion electronvolts, approximately 0.15% of Higgs bosons will decay into a Z boson and a photon. But some theories that extend the Standard Model predict a different decay rate. Measuring the decay rate therefore provides valuable insights into both physics beyond the Standard Model and the nature of the Higgs boson.</p>\n\n<p>Previously, using data from proton–proton collisions at the LHC, ATLAS and CMS independently conducted extensive searches for the decay of the Higgs boson into a Z boson and a photon. Both searches used similar strategies, identifying the Z boson through its decays into pairs of electrons or muons – heavier versions of electrons. These Z boson decays occur in about 6.6% of the cases.</p>\n\n<p>In these searches, collision events associated with this Higgs boson decay (the signal) would be identified as a narrow peak, over a smooth background of events, in the distribution of the combined mass of the decay products. To enhance the sensitivity to the decay, ATLAS and CMS exploited the most frequent modes in which the Higgs boson is produced and categorised events based on the characteristics of these production processes. They also used advanced machine-learning techniques to further distinguish between signal and background events.</p>\n\n<p>In a new study, ATLAS and CMS have now joined forces to maximise the outcome of their search. By combining the data sets collected by both experiments during the second run of the LHC, which took place between 2015 and 2018, the collaborations have significantly increased the statistical precision and reach of their searches.</p>\n\n<p>This collaborative effort resulted in the first evidence of the Higgs boson decay into a Z boson and a photon. The result has a statistical significance of 3.4 <a href=\"https://home.cern/resources/faqs/five-sigma\">standard deviations</a>, which is below the conventional requirement of 5 standard deviations to claim an observation. The measured signal rate is 1.9 standard deviations above the Standard Model prediction.</p>\n\n<p>“Each particle has a special relationship with the Higgs boson, making the search for rare Higgs decays a high priority,” says ATLAS physics coordinator Pamela Ferrari. \"Through a meticulous combination of the individual results of ATLAS and CMS, we have made a step forward towards unravelling yet another riddle of the Higgs boson.\"</p>\n\n<p>“The existence of new particles could have very significant effects on rare Higgs decay modes,” says CMS physics coordinator Florencia Canelli. “This study is a powerful test of the Standard Model. With the ongoing <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/cern/third-run-large-hadron-collider-has-successfully-started\">third run of the LHC</a> and the future <a href=\"https://www.home.cern/science/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc\">High-Luminosity LHC</a>, we will be able to improve the precision of this test and probe ever rarer Higgs decays.”</p>"},"field_byline":null,"field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"Candidate events from ATLAS (left) and CMS (right) for a Higgs boson decaying into a Z boson and a photon, with the Z boson decaying into a pair of muons. (Image: CERN)","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Atlas%20cms%20art_0.jpg?itok=PHxglNEO","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Atlas%20cms%20art_0.jpg?itok=PHxglNEO","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"The ATLAS and CMS collaborations have joined forces to establish the first evidence of the rare decay of the Higgs boson into a Z boson and a photon"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/physics/lhc-experiments-see-first-evidence-rare-higgs-boson-decay"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0a1a176e-b692-40af-842f-76d33374ed80/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265481"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0a1a176e-b692-40af-842f-76d33374ed80/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265481"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0a1a176e-b692-40af-842f-76d33374ed80/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265481"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0a1a176e-b692-40af-842f-76d33374ed80/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265481"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0a1a176e-b692-40af-842f-76d33374ed80/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265481"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0a1a176e-b692-40af-842f-76d33374ed80/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265481"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0a1a176e-b692-40af-842f-76d33374ed80/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265481"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0a1a176e-b692-40af-842f-76d33374ed80/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265481"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"acad067c-24fd-46d7-93e2-6c6f3a249696","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/acad067c-24fd-46d7-93e2-6c6f3a249696?resourceVersion=id%3A265482"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264044,"drupal_internal__vid":265482,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Lebanon inaugurates the computer servers donated by CERN ","created":"2023-05-24T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>On 23 May 2023, European and Lebanese stakeholders gathered in the Grand Sérail of Beirut – the headquarters of the Prime Minister of Lebanon – to inaugurate the computing equipment donated by CERN to the country’s academic institutes as part of the High-Performance Computing for Lebanon (HPC4L) project. The ceremony was the conclusion of a long journey whose many obstacles, on the backdrop of an economic crisis, have been overcome thanks to a staunch determination from all involved and an inspiring show of international solidarity.</p>\n\n<p>The ceremony was attended by Swiss representatives and a CERN and CMS delegation. Enrica Porcari, Head of the CERN IT department, Patricia McBride, spokesperson of the CMS delegation and Martin Gastal, CERN advisor for the Middle East, each gave talks to an audience composed of Lebanese scientists and policymakers. Prime Minister H.E. Mr. Najib Mikati concluded the ceremony by saluting the remarkable efforts achieved by all involved in the HPC4L project.</p>\n\n<p>The success of this project, initiated in 2016 by Martin Gastal, was made possible thanks to the unwavering commitment of the CMS collaboration, which, along with the Sharing Knowledge Foundation, launched a fundraising campaign to cover the cost of shipping the hardware, purchasing the equipment required to install it and training Lebanese technical staff at CERN. This knowledge transfer to the country's scientific community, which was organised by CMS, will ensure the smooth operation of the equipment in Lebanon.</p>\n\n<p>The 144 computing servers and 24 disk servers donated by CERN as part of HPC4L have been installed in a dedicated computing centre run by a public–private consortium. This equipment will support the Lebanese academic community for all kinds of research activities, including high-energy physics. Crucially, 20% of the servers’ computing power will be dedicated to the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG), a network of computing centres in 42 countries around the world used to store and analyse data from the LHC experiments – thereby bringing Lebanon closer to the LHC community.</p>\n\n<p>________________________</p>\n\n<p><em>Since 2012, CERN has regularly donated computing equipment that no longer meets its highly specific requirements on efficiency but is still more than adequate for less exacting environments. To date, a total of 2524 servers and 150 network switches have been donated by CERN to countries and international organisations, namely Algeria, Bulgaria, Ecuador, Egypt, Ghana, Mexico, Morocco, Lebanon, Nepal, Palestine, Pakistan, the Philippines, Senegal, Serbia, and the SESAME laboratory in Jordan. CERN strives to maximise its positive impact on society: these donations can play an important role in providing opportunities for researchers and students in their home countries, thus helping to avoid so-called ‘brain-drain’ scenarios.</em></p>"},"field_byline":"Thomas Hortala","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"H.E. Mr. Najib Mikati, Prime Minister of Lebanon, saluted the efforts of all involved in the HPC4L project during a ceremony in Beirut’s Grand Sérail (image: Office of the President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon)","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Screenshot%202023-05-25%20at%2010.59.44.png?itok=uXLkMQ19","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Screenshot%202023-05-25%20at%2010.59.44.png?itok=uXLkMQ19","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"The computing equipment, which will shore up scientific capacities in Lebanon, was inaugurated in the presence of the country’s Prime Minister and a CERN/CMS delegation "},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/lebanon-inaugurates-computer-servers-donated-cern"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/acad067c-24fd-46d7-93e2-6c6f3a249696/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265482"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/acad067c-24fd-46d7-93e2-6c6f3a249696/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265482"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/acad067c-24fd-46d7-93e2-6c6f3a249696/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265482"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/acad067c-24fd-46d7-93e2-6c6f3a249696/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265482"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/acad067c-24fd-46d7-93e2-6c6f3a249696/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265482"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/acad067c-24fd-46d7-93e2-6c6f3a249696/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265482"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/acad067c-24fd-46d7-93e2-6c6f3a249696/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265482"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/acad067c-24fd-46d7-93e2-6c6f3a249696/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265482"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"80fefc44-d72f-40a9-82b2-86f695e926a0","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/80fefc44-d72f-40a9-82b2-86f695e926a0?resourceVersion=id%3A265484"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264046,"drupal_internal__vid":265484,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Accelerator Report: Full house in the LHC","created":"2023-05-23T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<figure class=\"cds-image align-right\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-072-1\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-072-1\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Accelerators\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-072-1/file?size=large\" /></a><p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">LHC page 1 with the filling scheme indicated in the bottom left-hand corner of the display. This is a different filling scheme to the one mentioned in the article – over to you now to decipher the cryptic code! (Image: CERN)</p></figure><p>On 11 May, four days before the original schedule had set a target of 1200 bunches per beam, the LHC made its final intensity ramp-up step to 2400 bunches per beam.</p>\n\n<p>In fact, the intensity ramp-up step to 2400 bunches does not mean that there are exactly 2400 bunches in each beam, as the precise number depends on the filling scheme used. For the fill of 11 May, the actual number of bunches was 2347, which lasted close to 11 hours and contributed, with an intensity of 1.3x10¹¹ protons per bunch, 0.48 fb^-1 to the integrated luminosity goal of 75 fb^-1 for 2023.</p>\n\n<p>The filling scheme is defined according to the needs of the experiments, but it also depends on the beam production scheme selected in the injectors and the needs of the LHC machine itself – such as leaving sufficient empty space for the dump kickers to rise, or choosing specific bunch patterns to reduce the production of electron clouds. Therefore, it may be adapted during the run to maximise the production of luminosity within the given constraints of the LHC and the injectors.</p>\n\n<p>One of the filling schemes defined for 2023 has 2374 bunches per ring. In the left-hand bottom of the <a href=\"https://op-webtools.web.cern.ch/vistar/vistars.php\">LHC page 1</a> the filling scheme is indicated with what looks like a cryptic code and is described as:</p>\n\n<p>25ns_2374b_2361_1730_1773_236bpi_13inj_hybrid_2INDIV</p>\n\n<p>The first number, “25ns”, indicates the spacing between the bunches, while the second, “2374b”, is the total number of bunches per beam. The following three figures specify the number of bunches that will collide in each of the four LHC experiments: “2361” is the number of bunches out of the 2374 bunches that will collide in ATLAS (IP1) and CMS (IP5); “1730” is the number of bunches that will collide in ALICE (IP2); and “1773” is the number of bunches colliding in LHCb (IP8).</p>\n\n<p>The remainder of the cryptic code is an indication of the beam production scheme used. “236bpi” indicates that the maximum bunch train length coming from the SPS and injected into the LHC contains 236 bunches, but shorter bunch trains may be injected too. “13inj” means that the LHC will inject 13 bunch trains per beam with a maximum length of 236 bunches each. The very last part of the cryptic code contains some special information: “hybrid” means that the bunch train of 236 bunches is produced in the injectors through the so-called hybrid scheme, which is a combination of different bunch patterns; “2INDIV” means that two individual or single bunches are also injected.</p>\n\n<p>The hybrid scheme is produced in the injectors and provides the 236-bunch train with a pattern of seven batches, each with an “8b4e” bunch pattern of 8 bunches and 4 empty buckets (56 bunches). This is then followed by 5 batches of 36 bunches (180 bunches), resulting in the total length of the bunch train of 236 bunches. This hybrid scheme was chosen to maximise the luminosity production while keeping the heat load on the LHC beam screen, which is induced by the production of electron clouds, within acceptable limits. Leaving more gaps in the bunch train by introducing the four empty buckets will lower the total number of bunches that collide, but also limits the heat load, while leaving room to increase the number of protons per bunch from 1.3x10¹¹ to the goal of 1.8x10¹¹.</p>\n\n<p>Today, the LHC is in full production with ~2400 bunches, and the next step is the gradual increase of the number of protons per bunch. As I write, the intensity per bunch has reached 1.6x10¹¹ protons and the integrated luminosity in ATLAS and CMS is 10 fb^-1 out of the 75 fb^-1 targeted.</p>"},"field_byline":"Rende Steerenberg","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":null,"field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":null,"field_img_thumb":null,"field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"On 11 May, four days before the original schedule had set a target of 1200 bunches per beam, the LHC made its final intensity ramp-up step to 2400 bunches per beam"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/accelerator-report-full-house-lhc"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/80fefc44-d72f-40a9-82b2-86f695e926a0/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265484"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/80fefc44-d72f-40a9-82b2-86f695e926a0/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265484"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/80fefc44-d72f-40a9-82b2-86f695e926a0/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265484"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/80fefc44-d72f-40a9-82b2-86f695e926a0/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265484"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/80fefc44-d72f-40a9-82b2-86f695e926a0/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265484"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/80fefc44-d72f-40a9-82b2-86f695e926a0/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265484"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/80fefc44-d72f-40a9-82b2-86f695e926a0/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265484"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/80fefc44-d72f-40a9-82b2-86f695e926a0/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265484"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"d23ce041-105c-496b-99c3-d2050988d61d","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/d23ce041-105c-496b-99c3-d2050988d61d?resourceVersion=id%3A265485"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264047,"drupal_internal__vid":265485,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Fireball at HiRadMat","created":"2023-05-23T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>Fireball (officially “HRMT-62”), a new experiment at the SPS <a href=\"https://hiradmat.web.cern.ch/\">HiRadMat facility</a>, will receive its first beam this week. It is designed to study the micro-instabilities of a high-intensity electron-positron beam interacting with low-density plasma. The electron-positron beam is produced when a 440 GeV/c proton beam from the SPS impinges on a special target. The resulting beam propagates through the plasma and creates a highly unstable system: fluctuations of the magnetic field in the plasma cause charge separation in the beam, and this separation consequently causes further magnetic fluctuations in the plasma. This gives rise to non-linear phenomena and plasma emissions that have never been studied in this way before.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image align-right\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-071-2\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-071-2\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Experiments and Tracks\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-071-2/file?size=large\" /></a>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">Members of the experimental team are working on the plasma cell during the 2022-2023 year-end-technical stop (YETS) in the HiRadMat surface laboratory. (Image: CERN)</p></figure><p>This study should give new insights into extreme astrophysical phenomena, in particular blazar jets and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). GRBs are among the most energetic phenomena in the Universe and, even though they have been observed in distant galaxies, the enormous amount of energy they release can disrupt radio communications on Earth – some theories even suggest that they affected the evolution of life on Earth. However, the fundamental physical processes involved in GRBs are still not understood.</p>\n\n<p>“Without the unique HiRadMat facility, it would not have been possible to implement Fireball; it will be the first accelerator-driven experiment of this kind”, says Gianluca Gregori, the experiment’s spokesperson from the University of Oxford. “Fireball will help lift the veil on the microphysics processes that are not observable with satellites or ground-based telescopes and are impossible to simulate numerically.”</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image align-left\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-071-3\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-071-3\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Experiments and Tracks\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-071-3/file?size=large\" /></a>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">Installation of Fireball in HiRadMat’s irradiation area. (Image: CERN)</p></figure><p>The experiment includes various instruments designed to study the formation of plasma instabilities and magnetic fields, in particular a custom-made magnetic spectrometer with a dipole magnet. “In order to power the magnetic spectrometer in a flexible and cost-effective way, along with SY/ABT and SY/EPC groups we disconnected one of the quadrupoles of the HiRadMat beamline and the optics were recalculated”, explains Nikos Charitonidis, HiRadMat facility coordinator. “The collaboration within CERN has once again been key to implementing all the necessary modifications in terms of beam and infrastructure. I’d really like to thank all the CERN groups involved for their collaborative effort in running this unique facility.”</p>\n\n<p>Since its commissioning in 2011, HiRadMat has taken part in several <a href=\"https://hiradmat.web.cern.ch/transnational-access\">European Transnational Access programmes</a>, which have made the facility accessible to users from all over the world.</p>\n\n<p>_____</p>\n\n<p><em>For more information on the HiRadMat facility, read <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/flexible-and-accessible-hiradmat-facility-celebrates-its-tenth-anniversary\">the article published for its 10th anniversary</a>.</em></p>"},"field_byline":null,"field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"The plasma cell for the Fireball experiment, ready to be transported to HiRadMat’s irradiation area. (Image: CERN)","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Fireball1.png?itok=cIXlWyMq","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Fireball1.png?itok=cIXlWyMq","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"CERN’s HiRadMat facility restarts this week with a new experiment nicknamed “Fireball”, which will give new insights into extreme astrophysical phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/fireball-hiradmat"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/d23ce041-105c-496b-99c3-d2050988d61d/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265485"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/d23ce041-105c-496b-99c3-d2050988d61d/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265485"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/d23ce041-105c-496b-99c3-d2050988d61d/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265485"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/d23ce041-105c-496b-99c3-d2050988d61d/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265485"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/d23ce041-105c-496b-99c3-d2050988d61d/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265485"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/d23ce041-105c-496b-99c3-d2050988d61d/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265485"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/d23ce041-105c-496b-99c3-d2050988d61d/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265485"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/d23ce041-105c-496b-99c3-d2050988d61d/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265485"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"20ffb577-36ba-4b18-a357-3aa1378c0b45","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/20ffb577-36ba-4b18-a357-3aa1378c0b45?resourceVersion=id%3A265486"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264048,"drupal_internal__vid":265486,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Collaboration with CERN – an asset for scientific communities in the Middle East ","created":"2023-05-23T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>Ever since its creation, CERN has sought to forge peaceful ties between countries all over the world, particularly through scientific collaboration, and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is no exception. Today, the Organization is seeking to strengthen its links with countries in the region against the unique political backdrop. </p>\n\n<p>Partnerships between universities and the large LHC experiments (ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb) are central to CERN’s strategy in the MENA region. Although the level of involvement varies widely from one country to another, Martin Gastal, adviser for relations with the MENA region, notes strong interest across the region: “How a collaboration develops depends on many factors, in particular the country’s administrative and financial situation.<em> </em>Nevertheless, all the countries have demonstrated a desire to collaborate more closely with the CERN experiments.”</p>\n\n<p>Morocco, which was the first country in the region to sign an international cooperation agreement with CERN, in April 1997, is a prime example: its partnership with ATLAS has since evolved into diplomatic relations with the Organization. These relations look set to continue to intensify as the country is considering joining CERN as an Associate Member State. The same is true for Egypt, which signed an international cooperation agreement in 2006, as the Egyptian Minister of Higher Education has also expressed a desire for Egypt to become an Associate Member State of CERN. In addition, CERN is on the receiving end of fruitful initiatives by various other countries, such as Bahrain, which, in summer 2022, offered its services to build a piece of equipment for the CMS detector – an aluminium access frame for the tracker region and the associated installation jig.</p>\n\n<p>Leaving aside the machines, these agreements have an impact on countless individual careers, giving dozens of students the opportunity to cut their teeth at CERN. Every year, summer students from the region are invited to visit the LHC experiments, where they are shown round by colleagues from their region and get to see the contributions made by MENA universities to particle physics research.</p>\n\n<p>In parallel, efforts to prevent a brain drain from the MENA region are a lynchpin of CERN’s involvement there. By building up the capacity of local institutes, CERN helps make the countries in the region attractive hubs for particle physics research and for science and technology in general. An obvious example of this is the donation of IT equipment, such as the <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/donation-cern-computing-equipment-palestine\">servers donated in 2019 to An-Najah National University in the West Bank</a>, which paved the way for the university to join the ATLAS collaboration in March 2022, opening up career opportunities for dozens of Palestinian students and researchers. Similarly, CERN sent <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/cern/cern-computer-servers-set-sail-lebanon\">a large quantity of computer servers to Lebanon</a> following a fundraising campaign for the High-Performance Computing for Lebanon (HPC4L) project, which aims to support the Lebanese scientific community. These donations support students and researchers in their work in the fields of artificial intelligence, algorithm development and machine learning for experimental physics.</p>\n\n<p>In 2017, CERN was granted the status of <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/cern/cern-apply-sesame-observer-status\">Observer to the Council of SESAME</a>, the International Centre for Synchrotron Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East. This organisation, based in Jordan, is the latest to have applied the CERN governance model to particle physics. Transcending political barriers, the laboratory has for the first time given representatives from countries across the region, including Iran and Israel, the opportunity to reach shared positions on scientific cooperation. “The common denominator is science, which makes the bridge of peace easier to cross – they are able to speak freely,” says Martin Gastal.</p>\n\n<p>CERN’s involvement in SESAME is just one of several avenues being explored by the Organization to promote science in the MENA region. Its intention is to tap into the enthusiasm of the region’s countries and scientific communities to chart a path forward with them.</p>\n\n<p><em>Reema Altamimi is from Nablus in Palestine. She is currently studying for a Masters degree at the University of Paris II, and spent a period as an intern in the Education, Communication and Outreach group at CERN in 2022, thanks to a grant from the <a href=\"https://sharing-knowledge.org/\">Sharing Knowledge Foundation</a>.</em></p>"},"field_byline":"Reema Altamimi","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"Magnets are tested and assembled at CERN before delivery to the SESAME facility as part of the CESSAMAG project in 2015","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Screenshot%202023-05-24%20at%2010.36.42.png?itok=orG8Egi5","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Screenshot%202023-05-24%20at%2010.36.42.png?itok=orG8Egi5","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"Across the Middle East and North Africa region, CERN has set up scientific collaborations to promote access to education and innovation"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/knowledge-sharing/collaboration-cern-asset-scientific-communities-middle-east"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/20ffb577-36ba-4b18-a357-3aa1378c0b45/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265486"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/20ffb577-36ba-4b18-a357-3aa1378c0b45/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265486"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/20ffb577-36ba-4b18-a357-3aa1378c0b45/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265486"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/20ffb577-36ba-4b18-a357-3aa1378c0b45/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265486"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/20ffb577-36ba-4b18-a357-3aa1378c0b45/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265486"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/20ffb577-36ba-4b18-a357-3aa1378c0b45/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265486"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/20ffb577-36ba-4b18-a357-3aa1378c0b45/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265486"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/20ffb577-36ba-4b18-a357-3aa1378c0b45/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265486"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"f89486ba-dec5-4f1a-93db-6e144f057437","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f89486ba-dec5-4f1a-93db-6e144f057437?resourceVersion=id%3A265483"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264045,"drupal_internal__vid":265483,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"ISOLDE takes a solid tick forward towards a nuclear clock","created":"2023-05-23T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>Atomic clocks are the world’s most precise timekeepers. Based on periodic transitions between two electronic states of an atom, they can track the passage of time with a precision as high as one part in a quintillion, meaning that they won’t lose or gain a second over 30 billion years – more than twice the age of the Universe.</p>\n\n<p>In a paper published today in <em><a href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05894-z\">Nature</a></em>, an international team at CERN’s nuclear physics facility, <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/experiments/isolde\">ISOLDE</a>, reports a key step towards building a clock that would be based on a periodic transition between two states of an atomic nucleus – the nucleus of an isotope of the element thorium, thorium-229.</p>\n\n<p>Such a nuclear clock could be more precise than today’s most precise atomic clocks, thanks to the different size and constituents of a nucleus compared to those of an atom. In addition, it could serve as a sensitive tool with which to search for new phenomena beyond the <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/physics/standard-model\">Standard Model</a>, currently the best description there is of the subatomic world. For instance, it could allow researchers to look for variations over time of fundamental constants of nature and to search for ultralight <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/physics/dark-matter\">dark matter</a>.</p>\n<figure role=\"group\" class=\"align-right\"><img alt=\"Artist’s impression of a nuclear clock. (Image: APS/Ann. Phys. 531, 1800381 (2019))\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"47a38154-7927-4e96-8327-771481392696\" height=\"auto\" src=\"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/inline-images/ssanchis/CCSepOct22_Clocks_frontis-635x731.jpeg\" width=\"635\" loading=\"lazy\" /><p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">Artist’s impression of a nuclear clock. (Image: APS/Ann. Phys.  531, 1800381 (2019))</p></figure><p>Ever since 2003, when Ekkehard Peik and Christian Tamm proposed a nuclear clock based on the transition between the ground state of the thorium-229 nucleus and the first, higher-energy state (called an isomer), researchers have been racing to observe and characterise this nuclear transition.</p>\n\n<p>In the two decades, researchers have measured with ever increasing precision the isomer’s energy, the precise value of which is required to develop lasers to drive the transition to the isomer. However, despite much effort, they have not succeeded in observing the light emitted in the transition from the isomer to the ground state. This phenomenon, known in nuclear physicists’ parlance as the radiative decay of the isomer, which has a relatively long lifetime, is a key ingredient in developing a nuclear clock, because it would allow, among other things, the isomer’s energy to be determined with higher precision.</p>\n\n<p>A team working at ISOLDE has now achieved this feat by producing thorium-229 nuclei in the isomeric state<strong> </strong>in a novel way and investigating the nuclei using a technique called vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy. The wavelength of the observed light corresponds to an isomer’s energy of 8.338 electronvolts (eV) with an uncertainty of 0.024 eV – a value that is seven times more precise than the previous most precise measurements.</p>\n\n<p>Significant to the team’s success was the production of isomeric thorium-229 nuclei via the so-called beta decay of actinium-229 isotopes, which were made at ISOLDE and incorporated in calcium fluoride or magnesium fluoride crystals.</p>\n\n<p>“ISOLDE is currently one of only two facilities in the world that can produce actinium-229 isotopes,” says the main author of the paper, Sandro Kraemer. “By incorporating these isotopes in calcium fluoride or magnesium fluoride crystals, we produced many more isomeric thorium-229 nuclei and increased our chances of observing their radiative decay.”</p>\n\n<p>The novel approach of producing thorium-229 nuclei also made it possible to determine the lifetime of the isomer in the magnesium fluoride crystal. Knowledge of this lifetime is needed to predict the precision of a thorium-229 nuclear clock based on this solid-state system. The long lifetime that was measured, namely 16.1 minutes with an uncertainty of 2.5 minutes, confirms theoretical estimates and indicates that a clock precision competitive with that of today’s most precise atomic clocks is attainable.</p>\n\n<p>“Solid-state systems such as magnesium fluoride crystals are one of two possible settings in which to build a future thorium-229 nuclear clock” says the team’s spokesperson, Piet Van Duppen. “Our study marks a crucial step in this direction, and it will facilitate the development of the lasers needed to drive the periodic transition that would make such a clock tick.”</p>\n\n<p> </p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-video\" id=\"CERN-VIDEO-2023-018-001\"><div></div>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">ISOLDE takes a solid tick forward towards a nuclear clock.<span> (Video: </span>CERN<span>)</span></p></figure><p> </p>"},"field_byline":null,"field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"The ISOLDE facility seen from above (Image: CERN)","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/202106-083_006_0.jpg?itok=UUHg3_qe","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/202106-083_006_0.jpg?itok=UUHg3_qe","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"The observation at CERN’s nuclear physics facility of a long-sought decay of the thorium-229 nucleus in a solid-state system is a key step towards a clock that could outclass today’s most precise atomic clocks"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/physics/isolde-takes-solid-tick-forward-towards-nuclear-clock"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f89486ba-dec5-4f1a-93db-6e144f057437/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265483"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f89486ba-dec5-4f1a-93db-6e144f057437/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265483"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f89486ba-dec5-4f1a-93db-6e144f057437/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265483"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f89486ba-dec5-4f1a-93db-6e144f057437/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265483"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f89486ba-dec5-4f1a-93db-6e144f057437/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265483"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f89486ba-dec5-4f1a-93db-6e144f057437/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265483"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f89486ba-dec5-4f1a-93db-6e144f057437/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265483"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f89486ba-dec5-4f1a-93db-6e144f057437/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265483"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"08bb55a1-83b1-45dc-9d53-896dd0fb598f","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/08bb55a1-83b1-45dc-9d53-896dd0fb598f?resourceVersion=id%3A265487"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264049,"drupal_internal__vid":265487,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":" Computer security: A bank à la CERN","created":"2023-05-22T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>When doing cybersecurity, protective measures must be adapted to your environment and needs. For a bank, it’s obvious that protecting physical and digital money, and confidential data about customers, is of the utmost importance. Hence, security is tight, well controlled and comes with lots of restrictions, giving attackers a very small attack surface to penetrate through. For CERN, with its open environment and academic freedom, the “bank” approach definitely doesn’t work. But what if we were to build a bank <em>à la</em> CERN?</p>\n\n<p>First, our bank would have many entrances: through CERN’s outer perimeter firewall or via GSM, but also allowing people to connect to the Wi-Fi network once they’re registered. Instead of having single entrances, like one Windows Terminal server cluster or one LXPLUS cluster, our bank has both. Plus the possibility to tunnel through using Windows Gateways or “SSHUTTLE”. Similarly complex and diverse is the situation for entering the Technical Network used for accelerator controls and technical infrastructure: Terminal servers, Linux gateways, access for selected and approved virtual machines, web proxies allowing tunnelling, etc. On the way out, a bank would have locked you out. No news pages. No Facebook or Instagram. No Amazon. Internet access is tied down, strictly controlled, and reserved for professional purposes only. Tolerance of “<a href=\"https://security.web.cern.ch/rules/en/personal_use_policy.shtml\">personal use</a>” just doesn’t exist.</p>\n\n<p>Secondly, our bank would be crowded with strangers: “bring your own device” (BYOD) is a common standard at CERN. A bank would strictly keep out any devices that are not centrally managed. There, you wouldn’t have your personal laptop or smartphone on par with its internal network; you wouldn’t have admin rights on any of your professional devices; the operating system and applications would be imposed on you; and any personal use would be blocked.  </p>\n\n<p>Thirdly, our bank wouldn’t know who you really are ─ in the digital sense. At the CERN bank, you log in with your account and a password, but that’s it. There’s no strong verification to check whether the person who’s logging in and knows the password is really who they claim to be. A real bank would have put in place two-factor authentication for each and every access, as well as tight access controls and a tight lock-out procedure in case you’re logging in from an “<a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-your-remote-logins\">unusual location</a>”. No exceptions even if you left your second factor, your smartphone, at home. You’d have to run home and get it.</p>\n\n<p>Fourth, our bank would have flying ads and posters from other companies all over the walls. As we don’t distinguish between personal and professional usage, our bank’s email addresses can be used for other things. Signing up on for a social media account? Sure! Registering with your local grocery store? Done deal. Buying theatre tickets? There you go. Plus, messages can be automatically forwarded to any third-party mail provider if you believe their mail service is better. All of that’s a no-go in a real bank. Its email address is for professional business only. And all emails remain on their mail servers to guarantee confidentiality. Reading emails on your personal device is blocked.</p>\n\n<p>Fifth, our bank’s systems accept any currency transaction. Importing the newest Python library from Anaconda? Downloading a fancy container image from Docker? Running NPM to update local code? All easily possible and all eventually pushed into production. Without checks, curation or control. A real bank applies maximum due diligence and a tight authoring process. While that slows down any deployment, it reduces the risk that “counterfeit money” makes it into their vaults.</p>\n\n<p>So, would you trust our bank with your money? Better not. Fortunately, we’re not a bank. And our balance between academic freedom, accelerator and experiment operations, and “security” is definitely not the same as that between “finance” and “security”. In fact, a bank-like balance, a bank-like security posture, would kill our academic freedom and inhibit our efficient and effective operations. Still, don’t you think we could do better? We could:</p>\n\n<ol><li>Ensure that our entrances, our gates, are consolidated and better controlled. While our internet gate is <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-cerns-new-first-line-defence\">well guarded</a> , initial discussions on reviewing the interaction and inter-dependency between IT services, developers and the Technical Network have just started and need your commitment;</li>\n\t<li>Improve the protection of our pool of BYOD, as BYOD is the only way for the Organization to accommodate thousands of researchers coming and going, connecting locally and remotely every month. Therefore, <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-winter-season-virus-time-one-free-pill-your-device\">additional protective means</a> have been made available for BYOD and for devices owned by CERN;</li>\n\t<li>Make (wider) use of <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-log-click-be-secure\">two-factor authentication</a> to protect our computing accounts and their passwords from any malicious use;</li>\n\t<li>Definitely <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-room-top\">be more vigilant and careful with CERN email addresses and when browsing the web</a>. Just “STOP ─ THINK ─ DON’T CLICK” before risking too much; and</li>\n\t<li>Put in place a <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-when-your-restaurant-turns-sour\">better software development process</a>, in particular when importing packages, libraries, virtual images and containers from third-party sources.</li>\n</ol><p>Do you want to learn more about computer security incidents and issues at CERN? Follow our <a href=\"https://cern.ch/security/reports/en/monthly_reports.shtml\">Monthly Report</a>. For further information, questions or help, check our <a href=\"https://cern.ch/Computer.Security\">website</a> or contact us at <a href=\"mailto:Computer.Security@cern.ch\">Computer.Security@cern.ch</a>.</p>"},"field_byline":"Computer Security team","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":null,"field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":null,"field_img_thumb":null,"field_source":"264007","field_strap":{},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-bank-la-cern"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/08bb55a1-83b1-45dc-9d53-896dd0fb598f/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265487"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/08bb55a1-83b1-45dc-9d53-896dd0fb598f/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265487"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/08bb55a1-83b1-45dc-9d53-896dd0fb598f/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265487"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/08bb55a1-83b1-45dc-9d53-896dd0fb598f/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265487"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/08bb55a1-83b1-45dc-9d53-896dd0fb598f/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265487"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/08bb55a1-83b1-45dc-9d53-896dd0fb598f/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265487"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/08bb55a1-83b1-45dc-9d53-896dd0fb598f/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265487"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/08bb55a1-83b1-45dc-9d53-896dd0fb598f/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265487"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"b7918593-468f-40b5-bd72-bc71bd02d817","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b7918593-468f-40b5-bd72-bc71bd02d817?resourceVersion=id%3A265488"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264050,"drupal_internal__vid":265488,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Eleven successful years and counting for the Be a Scientist project","created":"2023-05-22T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>For four months, 30 teachers and 684 schoolchildren aged from 7 to 12 from the Geneva, Ain and Haute-Savoie regions were initiated into the scientific research process. Like scientists looking for particles that are invisible to the human eye, the pupils came up with hypotheses, collected data and conducted experiments to try to work out what was inside mystery boxes provided by CERN. All they had been told was that they mustn’t open or damage the boxes in the process.</p>\n\n<p>As the project unfolded, the 30 classes taking part used a collaborative web platform to share how their investigations were progressing. They also had the chance to visit CERN and the University of Geneva’s PhysiScope. Their thinking and research was enhanced by being immersed in the laboratory environment and talking to scientists.</p>\n\n<p>The project rounded off in style with a final conference in CERN’s Globe of Science and Innovation on Thursday, 11 May 2023. Pupils from three classes in Geneva shared their findings in the form of an animated film, posters and exhibition stands. After months of suspense, the pupils also finally found out what was inside the boxes.</p>\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https://voisins.cern/en/be-scientist\"><em>Be a Scientist</em></a> project, which was launched in 2011, is an education programme based on a collaboration between the University of Geneva (the Physiscope and the Laboratory of Didactics and Science Epistemology), the Geneva Department of Education and the French Ministry of Education.</p>\n\n<p>Are you a teacher and want to take part in a future programme? Visit <a href=\"https://voisins.cern/en/be-scientist\">https://voisins.cern/en/be-scientist</a>. Registration for the 2024 edition will open at the end of the summer.</p>"},"field_byline":null,"field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"The 11th edition of Be a scientist in CERN's Globe of Science and Innovation ","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Screenshot%202023-05-23%20at%2009.50.53.png?itok=wLVFD1EQ","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Screenshot%202023-05-23%20at%2009.50.53.png?itok=wLVFD1EQ","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"For 684 budding scientists from schools in the local area, the 11th edition of the Be a scientist project wrapped up on Thursday, 11 May 2023."},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/cern/eleven-successful-years-and-counting-be-scientist-project"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b7918593-468f-40b5-bd72-bc71bd02d817/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265488"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b7918593-468f-40b5-bd72-bc71bd02d817/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265488"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b7918593-468f-40b5-bd72-bc71bd02d817/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265488"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b7918593-468f-40b5-bd72-bc71bd02d817/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265488"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b7918593-468f-40b5-bd72-bc71bd02d817/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265488"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b7918593-468f-40b5-bd72-bc71bd02d817/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265488"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b7918593-468f-40b5-bd72-bc71bd02d817/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265488"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/b7918593-468f-40b5-bd72-bc71bd02d817/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265488"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"f06e9723-bfde-4b4c-9387-2ca843ff5418","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f06e9723-bfde-4b4c-9387-2ca843ff5418?resourceVersion=id%3A265489"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264051,"drupal_internal__vid":265489,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Computer security: CEO fraud, second attempt","created":"2023-05-09T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>Members of a CERN board were recently targeted by so-called “CEO fraud”, following the same format as <a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-ceo-fraud\">the incident that occurred at the end of 2020</a>. CEO fraud is a social engineering method to extract money from a company, playing on several psychological techniques to prevent people thinking consciously:</p>\n\n<ul><li>Fear, guilt and shame, i.e. making a threat against you or your family (“I know what you did last summer and will tell your family if you don’t…”). Under that pressure, you will just comply as you fear adverse consequences if you don’t.</li>\n\t<li>Flattery, i.e. luring your ego, pride or complacency (and narcissism?) into complying.</li>\n\t<li>Seniority and respect, i.e. you blindly obey because you are instructed by someone much more senior than you, whereas you are just a little cog in the machine.</li>\n\t<li>Help, i.e. pretending to be in a difficult/delicate situation and requiring immediate assistance.</li>\n</ul><p>Like in 2020, this “new” fraud played the “help” card against the Board by abusing the name of its president and spoofing his email address (see our Bulletin article on “<a href=\"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-email-equals-letters\">Emails equal Letters</a>”). It all happened on 8 December, when several people in this CERN board received the following message, purportedly from the president:</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-1\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-1\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Miscellaneous\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-1/file?size=large\" /></a></figure><p>A nice intro. Adopting a colloquial tone towards the recipient and then introducing the need for assistance with a difficult situation. Playing the “help” card. The “From” address was spoofed to look like the alleged sender’s home institute. The “Reply to” address was also tampered with and points elsewhere – to a Gmail address.</p>\n\n<p>At this point, vigilance is required. If in doubt, check with us at <a href=\"mailto:Computer.Security@cern.ch\">Computer.Security@cern.ch</a>. Maybe it’s a known malicious scheme. Maybe others already reported it. In this case, however, some people replied:</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-6\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-6\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Miscellaneous\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-6/file?size=large\" /></a></figure><p>The bait taken, a conversation is established. Time to strike:</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-3\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-3\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Miscellaneous\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-3/file?size=large\" /></a></figure><p>Fortunately, the recipient now gets suspicious and contacts <a href=\"mailto:Computer.Security@cern.ch\">Computer.Security@cern.ch</a>. Well done!</p>\n\n<p>If in doubt, it’s essential to establish a second line of communication that is less likely to be tampered with, like a phone call. Proof of identity can be sought by calling the real person’s previously shared contact number, seeing if you recognise the other person’s voice or entering into a colloquial conversation that would be hard to spoof or tamper. One of the recipients does just this:</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-4\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-4\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Miscellaneous\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-4/file?size=large\" /></a></figure><p>… and the attacker tries to dodge the request:</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-5\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-5\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Miscellaneous\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-066-5/file?size=large\" /></a></figure><p>Back to the subject. But too late, as this creates even more suspicion. And we receive another report. Well done, again! Game over for the attacker.</p>\n\n<p>Reporting the scam to <a href=\"mailto:Computer.Security@cern.ch\">Computer.Security@cern.ch</a> enabled CERN to:</p>\n\n<ul><li>block similar emails from entering CERN mailboxes, and block the attacker’s email address;</li>\n\t<li>identify other people who had received the scam and warn them (like the Board’s Secretariat did – thank you very much!!!);</li>\n\t<li>ensure that the attacker’s IBAN was flagged and blocked from being used at CERN.</li>\n</ul><p>This is why vigilance and suspicion are helpful. While you might (and should) be a nice, empathetic and helpful person, don’t be taken advantage of. In particular, don’t fall for such  “CEO fraud” attempts. Similarly, don’t let yourself be impressed (or intimidated!) by seniority. By CEO power. By a strong voice. Don’t let yourself be ashamed, harassed or intimidated by emails trying to create fear, guilt or shame. These are usually scams, too. Instead, if you have any doubts, involve your hierarchy, the CERN Internal Audit service or <a href=\"mailto:Computer.Security@cern.ch\">Computer.Security@cern.ch</a>. They’re there to support and help you! By acting swiftly, you can help protect CERN when other means fail. It’s better to ask than to be sorry.</p>\n\n<p>Do you want to learn more about computer security incidents and issues at CERN? Follow our <a href=\"/cern.ch/security/reports/en/monthly_reports.shtml\">Monthly Report</a>. For further information, questions or help, check our <a href=\"/cern.ch/Computer.Security\">website</a> or contact us at <a href=\"mailto:Computer.Security@cern.ch\">Computer.Security@cern.ch</a>.</p>"},"field_byline":"Computer Security team","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":null,"field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":null,"field_img_thumb":null,"field_source":"264007","field_strap":{},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/computer-security-ceo-fraud-second-attempt"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f06e9723-bfde-4b4c-9387-2ca843ff5418/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265489"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f06e9723-bfde-4b4c-9387-2ca843ff5418/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265489"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f06e9723-bfde-4b4c-9387-2ca843ff5418/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265489"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f06e9723-bfde-4b4c-9387-2ca843ff5418/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265489"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f06e9723-bfde-4b4c-9387-2ca843ff5418/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265489"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f06e9723-bfde-4b4c-9387-2ca843ff5418/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265489"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f06e9723-bfde-4b4c-9387-2ca843ff5418/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265489"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/f06e9723-bfde-4b4c-9387-2ca843ff5418/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265489"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"e94869e6-46c4-459a-bfa3-bff1eb396b8b","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/e94869e6-46c4-459a-bfa3-bff1eb396b8b?resourceVersion=id%3A265490"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264052,"drupal_internal__vid":265490,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Celebrating 50 years of the CERN relay race – and details of this year’s event!","created":"2023-05-09T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>The 2022 CERN relay race, the 50^th to date, saw a record number of participants (156 teams of over 1000 runners and walkers) dashing across the Meyrin site. For the first time ever, it included CERN Alumni participants, who ran in locations across the globe in their own virtual relay race. Following this momentous anniversary, the race returns on Wednesday, 31 May for its 51st edition. The course remains largely unchanged, as do the conditions for entering the competition: teams of six runners belonging to the same professional unit (department, group, project, experiment or firm), will run distances of 1000, 800, 800, 600, 600 then 400 metres on the Meyrin site. But, looking back on more than 50 years of the CERN relay race, how has this landmark event of life at the Laboratory evolved over the decades?</p>\n\n<p>The race’s rules have changed little since the first edition in 1971, when teams of five runners covered distances of 1500, 1000, 800, 500 and 300 metres respectively, representing a total of 4100 metres. The Focus Users Group, composed of Stig Lindbäck, Mick Ferran, David Townsend, Mike Gerard and William Hart, triumphed in  an impressive time of 12’42. This first successful event kick-started the relay race tradition at CERN, whose first decade was marked by debates around the race’s frequency and rules, and by the arrival of the first women’s teams in 1975.</p>\n\n<p>In 1976, new summertime rules caused a one-hour time difference between France and Switzerland. Despite CERN adopting a compromise solution by shifting its official hours by 30 minutes, the race could not be organised during lunch hours. John Adams, Director-General of the Laboratory, gave permission for a 4 p.m. start on Friday, 11 June and agreed to fire the starting gun – the race was followed by a <em>soirée </em><em>dansante</em> in the Coop restaurant.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image align-right\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-065-1\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-065-1\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Life at CERN\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-065-1/file?size=large\" /></a>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">Arrival of the 2022 relay race<span> (Image: CERN)</span></p></figure><p>Fast forward a few decades to 2020 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic caused the first and only gap in the event’s history, but the CERN relay race returned in full force on Thursday, 9 June 2022. 156 teams took part in this special edition, which was won by the “Doublé” team. Thanks to an online tracking app and much enthusiasm from the Running Club organisers and alumni, seven teams composed of CERN Alumni from across the globe were able to take part in their various locations. The winning team, the « Chasers », featured participants from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belgium, Canada and Norway. This new format allowed a familiar face to take part in the fun: David Townsend, who was a member of the first winning team back in 1971, commented when signing up, “I will be on a hiking tour in Cornwall in the UK, but I will find time to make my contribution, although not at my 1971 pace!”.</p>\n\n<p>As the 2023 relay race approaches, determined runners are already aiming for the podium. Among them is the “Charly’s Tonight” team, which has been participating in the race for the past 20 years. When asked about their chances of winning this year’s event, team captain John Osborne was quietly optimistic “The team has bags of experience, and training this year is going well. Our strategy is being finalised – mostly over beers in Charly’s Pub in St Genis – and, after narrowly missing the podium last year, hopes are high for an improvement in 2023”.</p>\n\n<p>We are counting on runners, spectators (and clement weather) to make this 51st edition the best one yet. Registration will be open on the <a href=\"https://runningclub.web.cern.ch/node/add/RelayRegistration\">CERN Running Club’s website</a> until 48 hours before the event.</p>\n\n<p class=\"text-align-right\"><em>David Dallman (former CERN Running Club President), Rachel Bray, Sébastien Ponce and Roddy Cunningham</em></p>"},"field_byline":null,"field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"The first edition of the CERN Relay Race, in 1971","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Screenshot%202023-05-10%20at%2009.33.22.png?itok=7zTMpDGe","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/Screenshot%202023-05-10%20at%2009.33.22.png?itok=7zTMpDGe","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"As this year’s edition of the legendary race approaches, the time has come to look back on 50 years of exuberance, silly costumes, beer drinking and the occasional bit of running "},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/cern/celebrating-50-years-cern-relay-race-and-details-years-event"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/e94869e6-46c4-459a-bfa3-bff1eb396b8b/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265490"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/e94869e6-46c4-459a-bfa3-bff1eb396b8b/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265490"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/e94869e6-46c4-459a-bfa3-bff1eb396b8b/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265490"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/e94869e6-46c4-459a-bfa3-bff1eb396b8b/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265490"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/e94869e6-46c4-459a-bfa3-bff1eb396b8b/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265490"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/e94869e6-46c4-459a-bfa3-bff1eb396b8b/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265490"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/e94869e6-46c4-459a-bfa3-bff1eb396b8b/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265490"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/e94869e6-46c4-459a-bfa3-bff1eb396b8b/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265490"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"0c5e91f7-a3d7-4326-b9fb-d195a328a8ce","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0c5e91f7-a3d7-4326-b9fb-d195a328a8ce?resourceVersion=id%3A265491"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264053,"drupal_internal__vid":265491,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Accelerator Report: mostly on schedule, sometimes not…","created":"2023-05-09T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>Today, almost the whole accelerator complex is operational and providing beams to all the experimental facilities as scheduled. The LHC experiments are taking data, while the LHC is nearing the end of the intensity ramp-up phase; already last weekend it was colliding beams with 1200 bunches per beam, one week earlier than initially scheduled. As I write, beams with ~1800 bunches are in collision – the last step before the full machine is filled with ~2400 bunches per beam.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image align-right\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-067-1\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-067-1\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Accelerators\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-067-1/file?size=large\" /></a>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">This picture shows the AD quadrupole where the water leak was situated. This is a half quadrupole that simultaneously generates a dipolar field to deviate the antiproton beam and a quadrupolar field to focus the antiprotons. (Image: CERN)</p></figure><p>The only physics that has not yet started is at the Antiproton Decelerator (AD), which was initially scheduled to start on 11 May, but unfortunately had to be delayed due to a technical problem. On 14 March, during the hardware recommissioning of the antiproton complex concluding the year-end technical stop (YETS), a water leak appeared in a special quadrupole magnet in the AD machine. The leak, situated at the entry of the insulated magnet coils, could not be repaired in situ, which meant that the roof of the AD tunnel had to be opened and the magnet removed for repair in the magnet workshop. The coils were exchanged, the magnet was tested and the magnet field maps were measured. After full validation, the repaired magnet was re-installed in the AD tunnel on 28 April, which was followed by electrical and vacuum reconnection. After the initial vacuum pump down, vacuum leak detections were performed with success. Since the vacuum in the AD machine needs to be of very high quality, the vacuum chamber and associated equipment had to be baked-out. This is a more than two-week-long process that started last week: the vacuum chamber and associated equipment for the whole vacuum sector concerned are heated up to evacuate and pump the residual gas molecules, including those from the surface layer of the vacuum chamber. Upon completion of the bake-out, cooldown is needed, equipment needs to be removed and the machine made ready to be commissioning with beam.</p>\n\n<p>While various teams were busy repairing and validating the magnet and its reconnection, the AD-ELENA operations team continued the hardware recommissioning of the other parts of the AD, while also performing ELENA beam commissioning with H^- ions from a local ion source with the aim of minimising the time lost and being as efficient as possible for the recommissioning of the antiproton beams for the experiments.</p>\n\n<p>This means that the beam commissioning of the AD will start on 12 June and be compressed to aim for delivery of antiprotons from ELENA to the eagerly waiting AD-ELENA experiments on 30 June.</p>\n\n<p>All the technical teams at CERN work hard during the YETS to execute the huge task of corrective and preventive maintenance in addition to consolidation and upgrade activities. Thanks to their efforts and high-quality work, most of the accelerator complex was recommissioned efficiently and delivered nearly all the required beams on – and in some cases ahead of – schedule. Sometimes, nevertheless, a single component that had previously functioned well and showed no signs of weakness can cause problems that force us to change some of our plans.</p>"},"field_byline":"Rende Steerenberg","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":null,"field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":null,"field_img_thumb":null,"field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"The beam commissioning of the Antiproton Decelerator will start on 12 June, and the aim is to deliver antiprotons to the eagerly waiting AD-ELENA experiments on 30 June"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/accelerator-report-mostly-schedule-sometimes-not"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0c5e91f7-a3d7-4326-b9fb-d195a328a8ce/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265491"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0c5e91f7-a3d7-4326-b9fb-d195a328a8ce/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265491"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0c5e91f7-a3d7-4326-b9fb-d195a328a8ce/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265491"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0c5e91f7-a3d7-4326-b9fb-d195a328a8ce/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265491"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0c5e91f7-a3d7-4326-b9fb-d195a328a8ce/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265491"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0c5e91f7-a3d7-4326-b9fb-d195a328a8ce/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265491"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0c5e91f7-a3d7-4326-b9fb-d195a328a8ce/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265491"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/0c5e91f7-a3d7-4326-b9fb-d195a328a8ce/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265491"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"dc8dafa4-b16f-4a2c-99ca-198dfb71a2bf","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/dc8dafa4-b16f-4a2c-99ca-198dfb71a2bf?resourceVersion=id%3A265492"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264054,"drupal_internal__vid":265492,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Happy birthday to the Passport to the Big Bang","created":"2023-05-02T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>Are ugly quarks the same as beauty antiquarks? Can neutrinos be used as an anti-mole system? If you don’t know the answers to these fascinating questions, then it’s high time you jumped on your bike and got your Passport to the Big Bang. This booklet, brimming with fun puzzles, is also the route-map for the cycle trail of the same name. The Passport to the Big Bang connects various interactive mini-exhibitions located in front of the CERN sites around the countryside in the border region between Geneva and France. Each exhibition explains an aspect of CERN’s research and technologies, provides a video that can be watched through a telescope and sets a riddle that must be solved in order to complete the “LHC Mission”. A map shows the waymarked routes that can be taken between the platforms.</p>\n\n<p>The Passport to the Big Bang is ten years old, so it’s a good opportunity to take a closer look at this scientific discovery trail, launched by CERN in an effort to communicate on its activities and provide an additional tourist attraction in the local region. CERN has 15 sites scattered around the Geneva-France border region. “We realised that people living nearby these sites had no idea about what was going on behind the fences,” recalls Corinne Pralavorio, a member of CERN’s communication team who founded the project. “So the idea behind the Passport to the Big Bang was to enable people to discover the incredible truth behind CERN’s research without ever needing to have an access card.“</p>\n\n<p>Local authorities and institutions were involved in developing the trail, notably for the waymarking of the 54 kilometres of cycle paths interconnecting the platforms. “The aim was to develop the project hand-in-hand with the local communities because, apart from being a science lab, CERN is part of the cultural fabric and tourist landscape of the region,” Corinne Pralavorio adds. The communes and the tourist offices take care of the upkeep of the cycle paths and help promote the trail.</p>\n\n<p>This year, a new website with new functionalities has been added. “You can get help in navigating around the trail using an interactive map, a GPX file, or with a mobile app connected to the maps.cern website,” explains Mélissa Samson, who has been making improvements to the trail. In addition to the “LHC Mission”, visitors can also take part in the “LHC Geocaches” treasure hunt.</p>\n\n<p>To mark the tenth anniversary of the Passport to the Big Bang, visitors who manage to complete the “LHC Mission” will receive a special edition of the winner’s certificate together with a gift (available only at the CERN Reception). Hurry while stocks last!</p>\n\n<p>You can pick up your Passport to the Big Bang in town halls (Mairies), tourist offices and at the CERN Reception, or download one from the dedicated website.</p>\n\n<p><em>See the <a href=\"https://passeport-big-bang.web.cern.ch/fr\">cern.ch/passeport-big-bang</a> for more information.</em></p>"},"field_byline":null,"field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":"A Passport to the Big Bang mini-exhibition in the countryside around CERN","field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/photo%20cds%20pre%CC%81cision.jpg?itok=mLh2ZcHZ","field_img_thumb":"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/styles/listing_image_300_height/public/2023-05/photo%20cds%20pre%CC%81cision.jpg?itok=mLh2ZcHZ","field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"The Passport to the Big Bang discovery trail is celebrating its tenth anniversary - ten years during which local people have been able to find out about science and technology while cycling around the France-Geneva countryside. "},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/cern/happy-birthday-passport-big-bang"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/dc8dafa4-b16f-4a2c-99ca-198dfb71a2bf/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265492"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/dc8dafa4-b16f-4a2c-99ca-198dfb71a2bf/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265492"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/dc8dafa4-b16f-4a2c-99ca-198dfb71a2bf/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265492"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/dc8dafa4-b16f-4a2c-99ca-198dfb71a2bf/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265492"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/dc8dafa4-b16f-4a2c-99ca-198dfb71a2bf/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265492"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/dc8dafa4-b16f-4a2c-99ca-198dfb71a2bf/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265492"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/dc8dafa4-b16f-4a2c-99ca-198dfb71a2bf/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265492"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/dc8dafa4-b16f-4a2c-99ca-198dfb71a2bf/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265492"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"1202879e-3a15-43be-abc1-d6f66c088094","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/1202879e-3a15-43be-abc1-d6f66c088094?resourceVersion=id%3A265493"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264055,"drupal_internal__vid":265493,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"30 years of a free and open Web","created":"2023-04-29T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<figure role=\"group\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/record/1164399/\"><img alt=\"The original internal document that marked the release of the World Wide Web to the public, signed by Hoogland and Weber\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"44bd2410-9da5-435a-87c5-9ebceb643af2\" height=\"auto\" src=\"https://home.cern/sites/default/files/inline-images/ndinmore/combined_horizontal.jpeg\" width=\"4964\" loading=\"lazy\" /></a>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">The original internal document that marked the release of the World Wide Web to the public, signed by Walter Hoogland and Helmut Weber</p></figure><p>Exactly 30 years ago, on 30 April 1993, CERN made an important announcement. Walter Hoogland and Helmut Weber, respectively the Director of Research and Director of Administration at the time, decided to publicly release the tool that Tim Berners-Lee had first proposed in 1989 to allow scientists and institutes working on CERN data all over the globe to share information accurately and quickly. Little did they know how much it would change the world.</p>\n\n<p>On this day in 1993, CERN released the World Wide Web to the public. Now, it is an integral feature of our daily lives: according to the <a href=\"https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx\">International Telecommunications Union</a>, more than 5 billion people, two thirds of the worldwide population, rely on the internet regularly for research, industry, communications and entertainment.</p>\n\n<p>“Most people would agree that the public release was the best thing we could have done, and that it was the source of the success of the World Wide Web,” says Walter Hoogland, co-signatory of the document that proclaimed the Web’s release, “apart from, of course, the World Wide Web itself!”</p>\n\n<h4>Public domain: then and now</h4>\n\n<p>The release of the World Wide Web was launched by an internal document, addressed “to whom it may concern” and signed by Hoogland and Weber. Back In 1993, copyright licensing standards were in the very first stages of development. In this first release, the document states that “CERN relinquishes all intellectual property rights to this code, both source and binary form, and permission is granted for anyone to use, duplicate, modify and redistribute it.”</p>\n\n<p>However, as the open source concept was further developed, in 1994, the next version of the software was released under an open source licence, as opposed to a public domain release. This meant that CERN still retained the copyright, but anybody who wished to could use and modify the Web freely. You can read more about <a href=\"https://home.web.cern.ch/science/computing/birth-web/licensing-web\">the licensing of the Web at this link.</a></p>\n\n<p>Releasing the World Wide Web to the public has arguably allowed it to grow into the giant it is today. Making it free and accessible to everyone was a move reflecting CERN’s core values of open collaboration for the benefit of society. This is now encapsulated in CERN’s Open Science Policy, which perpetuates the culture of openness and sharing at the Laboratory.</p>\n\n<p>Watch the full interview with Walter Hoogland, co-signatory of the document, below.</p>\n\n<p></p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">Video interview with Walter Hoogland, former CERN Director of Research and co-signatory of the document that released the World Wide Web into the public domain. <span> (Video: CERN)</span></p><p>You can read more about the birth of the Web at CERN <a href=\"/science/computing/birth-web\">here</a> or on the dedicated <a href=\"https://web30.web.cern.ch/web-history.html\">Web@30 website</a>. You can <a href=\"https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web\">browse the very first website here.</a></p>"},"field_byline":"Naomi Dinmore","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":null,"field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":null,"field_img_thumb":null,"field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"30 April 2023 marks 30 years since the release of the World Wide Web software to the public"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/computing/30-years-free-and-open-web"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/1202879e-3a15-43be-abc1-d6f66c088094/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265493"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/1202879e-3a15-43be-abc1-d6f66c088094/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265493"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/1202879e-3a15-43be-abc1-d6f66c088094/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265493"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/1202879e-3a15-43be-abc1-d6f66c088094/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265493"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/1202879e-3a15-43be-abc1-d6f66c088094/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265493"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/1202879e-3a15-43be-abc1-d6f66c088094/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265493"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/1202879e-3a15-43be-abc1-d6f66c088094/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265493"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/1202879e-3a15-43be-abc1-d6f66c088094/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265493"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"fa6b51fc-1b2c-4e06-8493-125ebd08c150","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/fa6b51fc-1b2c-4e06-8493-125ebd08c150?resourceVersion=id%3A265494"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264056,"drupal_internal__vid":265494,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"Accelerator Report: Crescendo at the LHC following the first stable beams at 6.8 TeV","created":"2023-04-26T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<figure class=\"cds-image align-right\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-060-1\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-060-1\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Accelerators\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-060-1/file?size=large\" /></a><p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">First stable beams, as could be observed from the LHC Page 1 displays around CERN and online: https://op-webtools.web.cern.ch/Vistar/vistars.php. The fifth row of the display shows the instantaneous luminosity per experiment (IP1, 2, 5 and 8). The values are still very low because of the small number of bunches in the machine. (Image: CERN)</p></figure><p>Late in the afternoon of Friday, 21 April, another important milestone was achieved in the LHC beam commissioning. At 6.58 p.m., one day ahead of schedule, the LHC Engineer in Charge declared “stable beams” at 6.8 TeV, the first time in 2023 that the two beams had been collided at that energy with the experiments in data-taking mode. Although just three bunches were circulated in clockwise and three bunches in anti-clockwise direction, it signalled the start of the data-taking season and the “intensity ramp-up” phase for the LHC.</p>\n\n<p>During the past three weeks of beam commissioning, many checks and adjustments have been made to get the LHC ready for stable beam. One of the many important steps was the validation of the “loss maps”. The LHC collimation system protects the machine and its components, notably the superconducting magnets, against any possible damage induced by the beam. Therefore, the collimation and operations team must make sure that all the collimator positions and openings are well adjusted for all phases of the cycle, from injection until the last collision of the fill. To do so, they inject a few bunches, deliberately create controlled losses, and observe that these losses occur where expected. If not, the collimator hierarchy needs to be addressed. When the LHC was first started, this was a manual task that took many days and machine refills. Nowadays, the loss map process is highly automated and takes only three to four fills and a handful of shifts, even though the number of loss maps has increased quite a bit with the luminosity levelling that was introduced.</p>\n\n<p>As soon as the first stable beams were achieved, the intensity ramp-up phase started, meaning that the machine will gradually be filled with more and more bunches until the full circumference is filled, leaving only a gap for the dump kicker to rise. This should be achieved with about 2400 bunches per beam. Initially, there will be three bunches per beam, followed by 75, then 400, 900, 1200, 1800 and, finally, 2400. Each step will require at least two fills and more than 15 hours in stable beams. At the end of each intensity step, equipment experts will be asked to validate the correct functioning of their equipment and machine protection, using a checklist. The next intensity step will be initiated only once the checklist is fully completed and validated.</p>\n\n<p>As scheduled, the intensity ramp-up was interrupted this week to scrub the machine, with the aim of reducing the formation of electron clouds in the vacuum chamber. These clouds negatively affect the quality of the beams and also put a strain on the cryogenics system, which must keep the beam screen cold by evacuating the heat induced by the electron bombardment. This is a necessary step to prepare the LHC for receiving longer bunch trains, which are needed in order to reach the requisite ~2400 bunches per beam.</p>\n\n<p>By mid-May, the LHC is expected to achieve stable beams with 1200 bunches per beam, which will provide a significant level of collisions for meaningful physics data taking. Two to three weeks later, physics with a full machine should be established.</p>"},"field_byline":"Rende Steerenberg","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":null,"field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":null,"field_img_thumb":null,"field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"Another important milestone was achieved in the LHC beam commissioning: on 21 April, the LHC Engineer in Charge declared “stable beams” at 6.8 TeV, the first time in 2023"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/accelerator-report-crescendo-lhc-following-first-stable-beams-68-tev"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/fa6b51fc-1b2c-4e06-8493-125ebd08c150/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265494"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/fa6b51fc-1b2c-4e06-8493-125ebd08c150/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265494"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/fa6b51fc-1b2c-4e06-8493-125ebd08c150/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265494"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/fa6b51fc-1b2c-4e06-8493-125ebd08c150/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265494"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/fa6b51fc-1b2c-4e06-8493-125ebd08c150/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265494"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/fa6b51fc-1b2c-4e06-8493-125ebd08c150/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265494"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/fa6b51fc-1b2c-4e06-8493-125ebd08c150/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265494"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/fa6b51fc-1b2c-4e06-8493-125ebd08c150/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265494"}}}}},{"type":"node--article","id":"a9e01c58-d494-4d28-923a-c1692955f117","links":{"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/a9e01c58-d494-4d28-923a-c1692955f117?resourceVersion=id%3A265495"}},"attributes":{"drupal_internal__nid":264057,"drupal_internal__vid":265495,"langcode":"en","revision_timestamp":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","revision_log":null,"status":true,"title":"HiLumi News: Recovery of an HL-LHC niobium–tin magnet","created":"2023-04-25T22:00:00+00:00","changed":"2023-06-08T18:05:56+00:00","promote":false,"sticky":false,"default_langcode":true,"revision_translation_affected":true,"path":{"alias":null,"pid":null,"langcode":"en"},"publish_on":null,"unpublish_on":null,"content_translation_source":"und","content_translation_outdated":false,"field_body":{"value":"<p>CERN and the US Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP, a consortium of various US institutions including Fermilab, BNL and LBNL laboratories based at Fermilab) are working in tandem to develop, build and test the HL-LHC’s triplet quadrupole magnets, one of the programme’s cornerstones. These magnets, which come in two sizes – a 4.2-metre-long version built in the US and its 7.2-metre-long counterpart built at CERN – will focus the beams into highly luminous regions at the collision points of ATLAS and CMS. The very strong magnetic field required to achieve this focus is made possible by the niobium–tin (Nb₃Sn) superconductor from which the magnet’s coils are made. A test carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in the US in January 2023 demonstrated that, if the magnet’s performance is limited by one of its four coils, the performance limitation can be overcome by replacing the limiting coil.</p>\n\n<p>It all started in October 2021, when the eighth quadrupole magnet produced by AUP (MQXFA08) showed performance limitations during a cryogenic test, making it impossible to reach the HL-LHC requirements. After the AUP team at LBNL started to disassemble the magnet and precisely identify the region and the reasons for a possible fault in one of the magnet’s four coils, the limiting coil was sent to CERN, where the EN-MME team confirmed the presence of broken ~50-micron-thick Nb₃Sn sub-elements in the five-tonne object. “Finding the precise cause of the magnet’s limitation – introduced while operating under the unfavourable conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic – was more demanding than finding the proverbial needle in the haystack. Locating those broken filaments was therefore an achievement in itself, made possible by the fruitful collaboration between the two teams,” explains Giorgio Apollinari, head of the AUP.</p>\n\n<p>With an incomplete three-coil quadrupole magnet now on their hands, the CERN and AUP groups needed one question answered: could the dysfunctional coil be replaced, or would the whole magnet need to be thrown away, incurring sizeable costs for the programme? “Although the principle of replacing individual coils within niobium–tin magnets had been demonstrated on small-scale prototypes, the process’s scalability to longer magnets was yet to be proven,” says Susana Izquierdo Bermúdez, engineer in charge of the MQXF quadrupoles at CERN.</p>\n\n<figure class=\"cds-image align-right\" id=\"CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-061-1\"><a href=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-061-1\" title=\"View on CDS\"><img alt=\"home.cern,Accelerators\" src=\"https://cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HOMEWEB-PHO-2023-061-1/file?size=large\" /></a>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">Power test performed on the magnet MQXFA08 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. We see the performance limitation (on the left) and the performance after the coil replacement (on the right). (Image: CERN)</p></figure><p>The coil was replaced in the autumn of 2022 and, following cooldown, the magnet – now called MQXFA08b – reached its nominal current after four quenches. Two additional quenches were then needed to reach nominal current plus a margin of 300 A, and the recovered quadrupole magnet was deemed fit for assembly in the final cold mass. All training quenches occurred in the new coil, demonstrating good memory in the remaining three coils, which had been trained over the previous testing campaign. “What this result tells us is that, when necessary, we will be able to save whole magnets from going to waste when only one of their coils is faulty, thereby limiting extra costs. This is an encouraging result that demonstrates the soundness of Nb₃Sn technology and of the mechanical design. We are just starting to use Nb₃Sn in the context of particle accelerators, and it still hasn’t revealed all its secrets,” adds Giorgio Apollinari.</p>\n\n<p>This significant result brings new momentum to the triplet quadrupole programme, which is in full swing. So far, seven of the required twenty MQXFA quadrupoles have passed the vertical test at BNL, and the first pair of magnets has been assembled within a cold mass. This cold mass is now undergoing powering tests and will be delivered to CERN once it has been proven to meet the criteria for operation in the HL-LHC.</p>"},"field_byline":"Thomas Hortala","field_feed_nid":263955,"field_image_caption":null,"field_image_thumb":null,"field_img_medium":null,"field_img_thumb":null,"field_source":"264007","field_strap":{"value":"The successful replacement of a coil in an HL-LHC niobium–tin quadrupole magnet by the US Accelerator Upgrade Project team has showcased this crucial technology’s flexibility and cost-effectiveness"},"field_url":"https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/hilumi-news-recovery-hl-lhc-niobium-tin-magnet"},"relationships":{"node_type":{"data":{"type":"node_type--node_type","id":"d60b6282-3333-42e7-be46-7918a031478a","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":"article"}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/a9e01c58-d494-4d28-923a-c1692955f117/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265495"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/a9e01c58-d494-4d28-923a-c1692955f117/relationships/node_type?resourceVersion=id%3A265495"}}},"revision_uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/a9e01c58-d494-4d28-923a-c1692955f117/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265495"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/a9e01c58-d494-4d28-923a-c1692955f117/relationships/revision_uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265495"}}},"uid":{"data":{"type":"user--user","id":"068932c4-301d-43ae-8864-784d815ba5dd","meta":{"drupal_internal__target_id":1}},"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/a9e01c58-d494-4d28-923a-c1692955f117/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265495"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/a9e01c58-d494-4d28-923a-c1692955f117/relationships/uid?resourceVersion=id%3A265495"}}},"field_topics":{"data":[],"links":{"related":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/a9e01c58-d494-4d28-923a-c1692955f117/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265495"},"self":{"href":"https://cnpdfs.web.cern.ch/anNvbmFwaWJhc2V1cmw/node/article/a9e01c58-d494-4d28-923a-c1692955f117/relationships/field_topics?resourceVersion=id%3A265495"}}}}}]},"html":"<table 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style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:#eeeeee;color:#696969;height:170px;margin-top:20px;font-size:14px\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"margin:20px 0 20px 0;padding-left:20px;width:33.33333333%\"><ul style=\"list-style-type:none;padding:0;margin:0\"><li><a href=\"http://copyright.web.cern.ch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#198763;text-decoration:none;font-size:14px\">Copyright © 2023 CERN</a></li><li><a href=\"https://home.cern/data-privacy-protection-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#198763;text-decoration:none;font-size:14px\">Privacy Policy</a></li></ul></td><td style=\"margin:20px 0 20px 0;width:33.33333333%\"><ul style=\"list-style-type:none;padding:0;margin:0\"><li><a href=\"https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal/report-ticket.do?name=story&amp;se=cern-homewebsite-socialmedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#198763;text-decoration:none;font-size:12px\">Submit a story</a></li><li><a href=\"mailto:writing-team@cern.ch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#198763;text-decoration:none;font-size:12px\">Contact us</a></li></ul></td><td align=\"right\" style=\"margin:20px 0 20px 0;padding-right:15px\"><a href=\"http://home.cern/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#198763;text-decoration:none;font-size:12px\"><img src=\"https://newsletter-ui.web.cern.ch/assets/img/cern-logo-large.png\" style=\"display:block;outline:none;border:none;text-decoration:none;height:120px;width:120px\"/></a></td></tr></tbody></table>","id":"footer-6154484d-b8b1-44e6-b4ff-74639eb5fd0f","type":"footer"},"cdsWidget-54922b35-e8e7-46f3-a02a-818488419a85":{"droppableKey":"preFooter","props":{"title":"CDS Widget 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